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South Korea a ModernModel of Native
TechnologicalDevelopment
Author:Anastasia Platon
Gr. EMREI 293Scientific chief:
University lecturer, Diana Galea-Soroceanu
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Reasons for Choosing this TopicO Technology advanced capability - the main driving
force for the economic development of a country.
O Case study of South Korea - a driver of developing
Asias transition to a new pattern of growth.O Ways to strengthen the capacity of the economy
and to generate value using its technologicalcapability as a competitive advantage.
O
The possible example for the Republic of Moldovafor the development of the technological base,which can lead to a further general economicgrowth.
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Goals and ObjectivesO To fully present the technology development
model of South Korea, phase to phase.
O To analyze different factors which influenced the
technological development, at different stages.O Technological development - core of countrys
international competitive advantage.
O To deduct opportunities and solutions for the
development of the Republic of Moldovas ownand unique technological base.
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Importance and Present Interest
TechnologicalChange &
Development
AgriculturalSocieties
IndustrialSocieties
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Importance and Present InterestO Technological development:
Economic growth;
Leading position on the global market.
O Prime engine of stable, long-termprosperity.
O At the micro- firm-level, pitfalls intechnological development inevitablelead to losses in productive efficiency.
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Chapter 1. Stages of
Technology Development ofSouth Korea
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Catching-up Stage
(1960 mid 1980)
Low technologicalcapability andtechnology importswith licensing
Science andtechnology policiesto stimulatetechnology imports
Beginning of the
catching-up phase(mid '70- mid '80)
Active importationof foreigntechnology and thebeginning of R&D
investment
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R&D share of GDP (%)
0
0.5
1
1.52
2.5
3
R&D/GDP (%)
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Maturing of the Catching-up Stage
(mid 1980s till present)
Establishment of in-house and overseas
R&D centers
Rapid catch-up
mid'80 -mid'90
Horizontalcollaboration based oncomplementary assets
Maturing of
catching-upphase (mid
'90 - present)
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Chapter 2. International
Framework of TechnologicalDevelopment Model
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Export Composition1960
Export Composition1970
Iron Ore20%
TungstoneOre20%
Raw Silk11%
Anthracite9%
CuttleFish9%
Live Fish7%
NaturalGraphite
7%
Plywood6% Rice
6%
Bristles5%
Textiles50%
Plywood14%
Wig13%
Iron Ore7%
Electronics4%
Fruits&Vegetable
3%
Footwear3%
Tobacco2%
Iron &Steel2%
MetalProducts
2%
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Export Composition1980
Export Composition1993
Textiles41%
Electronics17%
Iron &Steel13%
Footwear7%
Ship5%
SyntheticFibers
5%
MetalProducts
3%
Plywood3% Fish
3%
ElectricalGoods
3%
Electronics36%
Textiles23%
Iron &Steel
Products10%
Chemicals7%
Automobiles
7%
Ship5%
Machinery4%
Footwear3%
PetroleumProducts
3%Plastics
2%
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Export Composition (2009)
24%
12%
11%
10%
8%
7%
5%
4%
4%
2% 1%
1% 11%Electrical, electronic equipment
Ships
Boilers, machinery, nuclear reactors
Vehicles
Technical apparatus
Mineral fuels, oils
Plastics
Iron and steel
Organic chemicals
Articles of iron and steel
RubberPrecious stones
Other
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Technology Achievement Index
Finland
United States
Sweden
Japan
South Korea
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Canada
Australia
Germany
0.74
0.73
0.7
0.7
0.67
0.63
0.61
0.59
0.59
0.58
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South Korea VS Republic of Moldova
by the selective indicatorsVariable South Korea
(score)Republic ofMoldova (score)
Patent application filed
through the PCT 91,66 1,27High-tech exports 76,08 5,86Computer and
communications service
exports 36,33 43,84Expenditure on education 41,15 100,00Public expenditure on
education per pupil 27,53 100,00Gross expenditure on
R&D (GERD) 65,81 10,74
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SuggestionsO Investments in human resource development at
all levels.
O Research activities within universities.
O Proper conditions for scientists and specialists to
remain in RM.O Successfully pass to the next level of
technological development, to innovation.
O Foreign technology transfer through FDI and
licensing.O Export promotion.
O Infant industry protection.
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ConclusionsO South Koreas rapid and effective technological
development occurred due to a complex andmultilateral interaction of the following factors:
The governments leading role;
Chaebols competitiveness;
Well-trained, hardworking labor force, willing tolearn;
The continuous inflow of foreign technologythrough formal and informal mechanisms;
Drastic increases in R&D investment.
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