South Asia Afghanistan is usually considered part of the ME not
South Asia as shown on the map. Colonization British colonized
India to get access to their cotton goods, spices, silk &
indigo (a plant from which blue dye is made). 1A Indigo is a plant
from which blue dye is made.It used ot be that only the rich had
bright colored clotihng because the dyes were expensive. For
thousands of years, India was ruled by different dynasties &
kingdoms. Great Britain, France, &Portugal took advantage of
the internal fighting & built colonies in India. Sepoy/Indian
Rebellion 1857
1st Indian War for independence from British Indians angered by
British imposing British laws & customs, outlawing many
traditional Indian customs. Rebellion united the Indians together.
1A Sepoy: Indigenous soldier serving in the army of the foreign
conqueror. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 occurred as the result of
an accumulation of factors over time, rather than any single event.
Events leading up to the rebellion: Rifle introduced into the army;
to load it, sepoys had to bite off the tops f the greased
cartridges which (rumor said) were smeared with beef & pork
grease. PROBLEM: Cows sacred to Hindus, Muslims not allowed to eat
pork. Soldiers who refused were jailed. Sepoy rebellion began when
some soldiers released these jailed soldiers. B govt took control
of the military & trade Jobs based on ability, not class (this
went against the caste system) Education reforms, education like
the British system. Indian customs ignored. Indian practices
destroyed if the violated British law. Suttee abolished in 1829:
Indian practice of a Indian widow (often drugged) committing
suicide on her husbands funeral pyre British passed a law allowing
widows to remarry. Muslims resented their loss of govt power,
British attitude of superiority Forcing sepoys (Indian soldiers in
British service) to serve in other areas of Asia. Potentiallylosing
their caste position by leaving the country. Indian soldier facing
execution for protesting the new use of the new rifles smeared with
beef & pork grease. Photo from the movie MANGAL PANDEY: THE
RISING Gandhi (1869-1948) & Independence
Urged Indians to be peaceful use non-violent resistance . Gandhi
& others imprisoned multiple times for protesting. 1947 India
gained independence from England. Amazing! A powerful nation
(England) defeated by a peaceful revolution. Gandhi Bio Video Has
been compared to Martin Luther King & Nelson Mandela Honored by
the name Mahatma in 1914 which means great soul Also known as civil
disobedience Urged people of India to stop working, organized
peaceful marches and protests. Hunger Strike: Because of Gs stature
around the world, the British did not want him to die in their
custody. hunger strike which lasted 116 days, only drank liquids.
Ended with the British giving in to his wishes. PM = Prime Minister
India/Pakistan Partition
When the British left, they divided India into 2 parts: Pakistan:
Muslim India: Hindu Fighting began over this new border &
theKashmir region. Gandhi (78 yrs!) 5 day hunger strike, stopped
the fighting. 12 days later, a Hindu man, who disagreed with
Gandhi's ideas of peace &tolerance for ALL, shot & killed
Gandhi. The Indian Caste System
Caste System: a social structure in which classes are determined by
heredity Important to the Hindu faith to live according to ones
caste Photo of untouchable children See Hindu/religions notes from
the 1st semester. Dalit (untouchable) children often have limited
opportunities in the caste system. Many Hindus in the past believed
that untouchables deserved this treatment a treatment that is in
many ways even harsher than that inflicted on African Americans
before the Civil Rights Movement. Hindus think that a person is
born to this class because of bad karma he or she earned in a
pervious life. The caste system is NOT described in the Hindu
scripture. The system was originally devised to create an
understandable division of labor and identify different groups of
people. Hinduism see religions notes from 1st semester
Worlds oldest religion. More than just a philosophy, is a way of
life. Hinduism has no founder , no single set of beliefs, no basic
religious text (not bound by a single doctrine). Reincarnation:
people collect Karma by doing good.As people do good they hope to
be reborn into a higher status or caste.The ultimate goal is to
escape birth and death and become one with Brahman, the universal
soul.This state is called nirvana. Sikhismsee Religions notes from
1st semester for detailed information
Sikhism combines the Muslim belief in one god with the Hindu belief
in karma & reincarnation. A fast growing religion found in
India. Ganges River For Hindus Holy river
Expected to bathe in this river at least once in your lifetime.
washes away your sins. 18C, 16C Holy River, incredibly dirty,
polluted. The river's reputation as a purifying river appears to
have a basis in science. It has a unique ability to retain oxygen.
TAJ MAHAL Built by the ruler Shah Jahan in the 17th Century as a
tomb for his wife. Indias Green Revolution
1940s-1970s GOAL make India self-sufficient in food grains.
Introduced modern science, technology, fertilizers & irrigation
methodsto help farmers triple their crops 8A, 20B Green Revolution
India has had a "mixed economy" in which both private business and
government invest in and direct the economy.Today, India has been
moving away from state ownership and subsidies to business. India's
government has established five-year plans to set economic goals.
The Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s made great headway, but
faltered due to most farmers' lack of money to buy hybrid seeds,
fertilizers, and equipment. Imports still needed. Use of high
yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds
Irrigation Use of insecticides and pesticides Consolidation of
holdings Land reforms Improved rural infrastructure Supply of
agricultural credit Use of (chemical) fertilizers Use of Sprinklers
or Drip Irrigation
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