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SOLAR ENERGY INTO THE GRID
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
WHAT IS SOLAR ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY SIGNIFICANCE (OR ITS
IMPORTANCE)
HOW SOLAR ENERGY CAN BE USED TO
PRODUCE ELECTRICITY THAT CAN BE SUPPLIED
TO GRID
ADVANTAGES IN DOING IT.
DIFFERENT SOLAR POWER PLANTS
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What is solar energy
Solar energy: That energy that we receivefrom sun that can be converted into otherforms of energy such as heat and electricity.
We know today, that the sun is simply ournearest star. Without it, life would not exist onour planet
Indirectly, the sun or other stars areresponsible for ALL our energy. Even nuclearenergy comes from a star .
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Solar energy significance
Reduce green house effect and clean
renewable source.
Abundantance of energy available on earthssurface.
reduce dependence on foreign oil
This energy can be produces in remotelocations to meet required demands.
And many more
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WAY TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY FROM
SOLAR ENERGY IS PV
A photovoltaic device (generally called a solarcell) consists of layers of semiconductor materialswith different electronic properties. Solar PV
system including battery (for storing energywhich generated by the PV array), controller (it iselectronic device to control charging or limit thedischarging of the batteries), inverter (large
systems usually including DC/AC inverters tosupply AC power in standard voltages andfrequencies.
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DIAGRAM OF PV
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What exactly is a PhotoVoltaic cell
Photovoltaic is the direct conversion of light
into electricity at the atomic level.
Some materials exhibit a property known asthe photoelectric effect that causes them to
absorb photons of light and release electrons.
When these free electrons are captured, an
electric current results that can be used as
electricity
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ADVANTAGES OF PVs you can be totally independent of the electric company
by using batteries to store your excess energy or youcan remain tied to the grid and use net metering.
While companies sell power at Rs3-3.5/KW. We onother hand can sell power at whooping Rs15-20/KW.Covering most of installation cost.
no transmission costs, your energy is produced whereit is consumed.
reduce or completely eliminate your electric bill
after initial investment, all the electricity you produce
is free. Incentives and credits from governments and utility
companies offset the initial investment
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THINGS TO NOTE:
PV can be used to produce electricity, heating forwater, domestic lighting, street lighting , villageelectrification, water pumping, desalination ofsalty water, powering of remote
telecommunication, railway signals. PV cannot be used on large scale due economic,
productivity and efficiency factors.
But to produce on large scale, solar power plants
are designed and implemented to produce powerin MWs
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SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS
They are used to produce electricity on largescale( in order of 500MW,1000MW)
There are two types of solar power plantsnamely:
1. Solar distributed collector power plants
2. Solar central receiver power plants
In this type of power plants, collectors(mostlyparabolic) are used. A very large area isrequired.
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BASIC PRINCIPLE IN THESE TOWERS Large parabolic collectors are employed for collecting
solar energy, which is used to heat the fluid generallywater which is stored in the storage tank.
This heat energy is let to the boiler with a feedback,which is converted to high-pressure steam energy. Thissteam energy is sent to the turbine chamber with highspeed leading to the rotation of prime-mover of theturbine.
As turbine is internally coupled with the alternator, theincoming mechanical energy to the turbine is converted
to electrical energy by the alternator. Steam is condensed in the condenser and feed water
returns to the boiler for re-use.
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Solar distributed collector power
plants
Nevada Solar One is a new solar thermal plant with a 64 MWgenerating capacity, located near Boulder City, Nevada.
It uses parabolic troughs as thermal solar concentrators,heating tubes of liquid which act as solar receivers. These
solar receivers are specially coated tubes made of glass andsteel, and about 19,300 of these four meter long tubes areused in the newly built power plant.
Nevada Solar One also uses a technology that collects extraheat by putting it into phase-changing molten salts. Thisenergy can then be drawn at night.
Solar thermal power plants designed for solar-only generationare ideally matched to summer noon peak loads.
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DIAGRAMS OF Nevada Solar One
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Solar central receiving power plant
The largest solar power installation in the
world located in the Mojave Desert, California.
Central receiving tower, which receives thereflected radiation from the heliostats around
it. The tower is installed with a boiler inside it.
Power station, which is coupled to the solar
collecting apparatus.
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WORKING OF THESE PLANTS The tower (boiler) is mounted on the top of
the tower located near the center of the fieldof large mirrors called heliostats.
The heliostats reflect sunlight on to the central
tower. Sunrays after getting reflected someheliostats are focused on to the boiler.
Thus boiler generates high temperaturesteam, which is used to drive a steam turbine,
which is coupled to an alternator.
From this alternator, electricity is generated
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DIAGRAM OF THESE PLANTS IN
WORKING MODE
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COMPONENTS IN THSES PLANTS
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DIAGRAMS OF THESE PLANTS
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ADVANTAGES OF THESE PLANTS
LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY.
This system of energy conversion is noise less
and cheap. Maintenance cost is low.
They have long life.
Pollution free. Highly reliable.
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LIMITATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY
Low energy density 0.1 to 1 KW/m2.
Large area is required to collect the solar
energy.
Direction of rays changes continuously. Energy is not uniform during cloudy weather
and not available during the nights.
Energy storage is essential.
Low efficiency.
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CONCLUSION
Solar energy is available everywhere, its just
needs to be concentrated and used.
Solar energy is the fast growing sector
compared to other renewable resources.
The best line that suits these energy is
THE RENEWABLE ENERGYOF THE FUTURE
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