Social Studies Survey
Temperance and Prison Reforms
Social Reforms
Temperance Movement Temperance-
moderation in the consumption of alcohol
Been active since the late 1700’s advocating evils of alcohol
1833- group formed the American Temperance Movement
1851- Maine passed the first state prohibition law
Prison Reform One of society’s strongest
needs, as many prisoners of various types were housed together
Began to change around 1816 when states enacted laws to replace old facilities
Focused on rehabilitation instead of being merely locked up
Early champion and national figure was Louis Dwight
Public Education and Women’s Rights
Educational/Suffrage Reforms
Public Education Democracy demands an
informed and educated electorate
Began to push states to fund schools in early 1800’s
Early leader and advocate was Horace Mann in the mid 1800’s
1850’s- tax-supported elementary schools had gained popularity
North was more willing to reform quickly; South lagged drastically behind (by 1860, only 1/3 of Southern white children were enrolled in public school )
Women’s Rights (Education and Suffrage)
Schooling usually was meant for only males during the early 1800’s
1814- Emma Willard found girl’s boarding school
1837- first higher education institute
1848- Seneca Falls Convention by Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Seneca Falls Declaration that proposed that men and women created equal; women should get the right to vote)
Abolitionist MovementAnti-slavery movement
Anti-Slavery Movement
Abolition- immediate end to slavery
Emancipation- freeing of enslaved people
Most divisive and polarizing because it directly pitted North against South
Began in religious groups such as Quakers and Baptists
1830’s- gained momentum because of William Lloyd Garrison
1833- American Antislavery Society established by Garrison
Frederick Douglas and Sojourner Truth, free African Americans, as well as Women’s Right groups also fought for abolition
1854- anti-slavery activists found the Republican Party (with first President being Abraham Lincoln
Labor Unions
Labor Movement
Labor Unions Labor Unions- groups of workers
who press for better working conditions and member benefits
1820’s-1830’s have around 300,000 people
Local and focused on single trade, but will expand as factories and industries expand
1827- labor union created for craft within a city for first time (Mechanics’ Union of Trade Association in Philadelphia)
1830’s- workingmen’s parties helped to spur reform for equal rights
1840- Martin Van Buren reduces federal employees workday
1842- Commonwealth vs. Hunt makes strikes within workplace legal
1852- first nationwide labor union created (International Typographic Union)
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