MAJOR THEMES:
JUSTICE
JUSTICE
A HABITWHEREBY A PERSON
WITH A LASTING AND PERPETUAL WILLRENDERS TO EACH HIS
DUE.
THREE PROPERTIES OF JUSTICE
OTHERNESS INDEBTEDNESS EQUALITY
OTHERNESS
JUSTICE IS ALWAYS DIRECTED
TO ANOTHER PERSON.
JUSTICE PUTS IN ORDER THE PERSON’S RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER.
INDEBTEDNESS
DEMAND OF JUSTICE:TO GIVE WHAT BACK WHAT BELONGS TO OTHERS
EQUALITY
TO GIVE PROPOTIONATELY WHAT IS DUE,NEITHER MORE OR LESS
KINDS OF JUSTICEBASED ON THREE POSSIBLE KINDS OF RELATIONSHIPS
INDIVIDUAL - SOCIETY
INDIVIDUAL - INDIVIDUAL
SOCIETY - INDIVIDUAL
1. LEGAL 2. COMMUTATIVE 3. DISTRIBUTIVE
A. GENERAL JUSTICE B. PARTICULAR JUSTICE
LEGAL JUSTICE
INDIVIDUAL PERSON TO SOCIETY
OBJECT: COMMON GOOD
COMMON GOOD IS ABOVE
PERSONAL GOOD.
CARRIED OUT BY CITIZENS IN OBEDIENCE TO JUST LAWSENFORCED BY
CIVIL AUTHORITIES.
LEGAL JUSTICE IS ESTABLISHED BY LAWSTHROUGH WHICH LEADERS DIRECT CITIZENS
TOWARDS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF COMMON GOOD
COMMUTATIVE JUSTICEDIRECTS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL
PERSONSALSO KNOWN AS COMPENSATORY/CONTRACTUAL JUSTICE.
REGULATED BY: PRIVATE RIGHTS OF CONTRACTS AND DEMANDS.
EXCHANGES BETWEEN PERSONS MUST BE OF EQUAL VALUE
DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
DIRECTS RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL WHOLE/
SOCIETY TO THE INDIVIDUAL
ACCORDING TO PROPORTIONATE
EQUALITY.
SOCIALJUSTICE
INDIVIDUALS INDIVIDUALS
SOCIETY
COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE
LEGAL/CONTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
RIGHTS OF THE POOR AND PROPERTY
RIGHTS OF THE POOR AND PROPERTY
WHEN IS ONE UNJUST TO THE POOR?
WHEN ONE HAS MORE GOODSTHAN HE OUGHT TO HAVE
WHEN ONE HAS MORE BURDENS THAN HE OUGHT TO BEAR
DEMAND OF JUSTICE
TO RETURN TO OTHERS WHAT BELONGS TO THEM
SO THAT THEY WILL HAVE THEIR JUST SHARE OF THE GOODS OF THE EARTH
PRIMACY OF THE UNIVERSAL
DESTINY OF THE GOODS OF THE
EARTH.
THREE INTER-RELATED QUESTIONS
CAN MEN POSSESS EXTERNAL GOODS?
IS IT LAWFUL FOR MAN TO POSSESS GOODS AS HIS OWN?
IS IT JUSTIFIABLE FOR A MAN IN NEED TO STEAL?
CAN MEN POSSESS EXTERNAL GOODS?
A. WITH REGARD TO THEIR NATURE:
NO
ONLY GOD HAS THE SOVEREIGN POWER
OR DOMINION OVER ALL THINGS
B. WITH REGARD TO USE AND MANAGEMENT:
YES
IS IT LAWFUL FOR MAN TO POSSESS GOODS AS HIS OWN?
IT IS NECESSARY FOR MAN TO POSSESS EXTERNAL GOODS
MAN TAKES CARE OF THINGS WHICH ARE HIS SOLE RESPONSIBILITY.
HUMAN AFFAIRS ARE MORE EFFICIENT, IF EACH PERSON HAS HIS OWN RESPONSIBILITY.
MAN LIVE TOGETHER IN GREATER PEACE, WHEN EVERYONE IS CONTENT WITH WHAT IS HIS.
IS IT JUSTIFIABLE FOR A MAN IN NEED TO STEAL?
AS A LAST RESORT, YES!
BECAUSE IN CASE OF NECESSITY, EVERYTHING IS HELD IN COMMON.
TO TAKE WHAT IS NEEDED IS NOT A THEFT BUT A RIGHT.
THE RIGHT TO LIFE IS ABOVE THE RIGHT TO PROPERTY.
THE POOR IN NEED MAY, AND SHOULD TAKEFROM THE SQUANDERING AND SELFISH RICH
THE RICH ARE OBLIGED TO GIVE TO THE NEEDY WHAT THEY DO NOT NEED
HUMAN DIGNITY AND RIGHTS
HUMAN DIGNITY AND RIGHTS
THE HUMAN PERSON POSSESSESS DIGNITYTHAT HAS NO PRICE BUT VALUE
(IMMANUEL KANT)
HUMAN DIGNITY
RELATED TO GOODNESS, EXCELLENCE AND, PERFECTION
CHRISTIAN POINT OF VIEW
THREE PERSPECTIVES:
IMAGE OF GOD
CHILD OF GOD
DESTINED FOR ETERNAL LIFE
FUNDAMENTAL EQUALITY OF ALL MEN:WE ARE ALL EQUAL IN ESSENTIAL DIGNITY
HUMAN DIGNITY MEANS: POSSESSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS:
UNIVERSALITY
NEITHER ACQUIREDNOT LOST
DO NOT ADMIT DEGREES
HUMAN RIGHTS
IN RELATION TO THINGS, POWERS OR PRIVILEGES
TO WHICH INDIVIDUAL HAVE A JUST CLAIM OR ARE ENTITLED TO
UNDER NATURAL LAWAS A CONSEQUENCE OF BEING HUMAN
TWO KINDS OF RIGHTS
1. NATURAL RIGHTS
RIGHTS THAT COME FROM HUMAN NATURE ITSEF
EXIST PRIOR TO ANY FORMOF HUMAN ORGANIZATION OR INSTITUTION
2. LEGAL RIGHTS
GRANTED TO CITIZENS BY THE GOVERNMENT
SPECIFIC TO PARTICULAR CULTURES
SUBJECT TO SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
DUTIES
THE DEBT THAT WE HAVE TO PAY FOR THE RIGHT WE ALL POSSESS
RIGHTS AND DUTIES ARE CORELATIVE:
TO ONE MAN’S RIGHTS THERE CORRESPONDS A DUTY IN ALL OTHER PERSONS
TWO STAGES THAT MANIFEST THE FUNDAMENTAL CORRELATION BETWEEN RIGHTS AND DUTIES
FIRST STAGE:
WHEN THE POSSESOR IS CONSCIOUS OF HIS RIGHTS AND IS EQUALLY AWARE OF HIS DUTIES AND OBLIGATION TO DISCHARGE THESE DUTIES
SECOND STAGE:
COMES ABOUT IN THE RELATIONSHIP THAT EXISTS BETWEEN THE RIGHT OF THE PERSON AND THE OBLIGATION OF OTHERS TO RECOGNIZE AND RESPECT IT.
PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR
PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR
NATURE OF THE OPTION
DECISION AND COMMITMENTIN FAVOR OF THE POOR
THE CHOICE OF THE POOR
AS A PRIORITY OF CHRISTIAN WITNESSING TO JUSTICE
DEMANDS:
1. SOLIDARITY WITH THE POOR
REQUIRES GENUINE UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORLD OF THE POOR
DEMANDS A LIFE STYLE THAT IS SIMPLE, SOBER AND, AUSTERE
WE MUST LIVE SIMPLY SO THAT OTHERS MAY SIMPLY LIVE
2. DENUNCIATION AND STRUGGLE
AGAINST INJUSTICE AND OPPRESSION
TO OPT AGAINST THE UNJUST SITUATION OF THE POOR
TO HAVE A COMMITIMENT AGAINST INJUSTICE
3. CONSCIENTIZATION OF THE POOR
THE POOR MUST BE TAUGHT TO RECOGNIZE AND
THEIR PROBLEMS AND THEIR CAUSES
4. ORGANIZATION OF THE POOR
REAL TRANSFORMATION
TAKES PLACE ONLY WHEN THE POOR ARE
ABLE TO ACHIEVE THEIR DEVELOPMENT
BASED ON THEIR INHERENT DIGNITY AND RESOURCES.
THE POOR HAVE THE MOST URGENT MORAL CLAIM
ON THE CONSCIENCE OF THE NATION
WE ARE CALLED TO LOOK AT PUBLIC POLICY DECISIONS IN TERMS OF HOW THEY AFFECT THE POOR.
HUMAN WORK
DIGNITY OF HUMAN WORK
HUMAN WORK IS A KEY, PROBABLY THE ESSENTIAL KEY
TO THE SOLUTION OF THE SOCIAL
PROBLEM
POPE JOHN PAUL II
CHRISTIAN MEANING OF WORKANY ACTIVITY OF MAN
MANUAL OR INTELLECTUAL THROUGH WHICH
HE PRODUCES SOMETHING NEW
WORKIS A SOCIAL
ACTIVITY
THROUGH WHICH MAN DEVELOPS HIS
CO-HUMANITY.
TWO SENSES OF WORK
OBJECTIVE SENSE
PRODUCTS THAT RESULT
FROM HUMAN ACTIVITY
SUBJECTIVE SENSE
THE HUMAN PERSON WHO WORKS
THE CHURCH GIVES EMPHASIS TO THE SUBJECTIVE SENSE OF WORK
MAN IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE OBJECT PRODUCEDDUE TO HIS INTELLIGENCE AND FREE WILL
2 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
1. WORK IS FOR MAN, NOT MAN FOR WORK MAN IS ALWAYS THE END OF WORK
TECHNLOGY IS AN ALLY OF MAN: AT THE SERVICE OF WORKERS
2. PRIORITY OF LABOR OVER CAPITAL
THE PRINCIPLE OF PRIORITY OF LABOR OVER CAPITAL
IS A POSTULATE ORDER OF SOCIAL MORALITYPOPE JOHN PAUL II
CHRISTIAN OBLIGATION TO WORK
WORK IS A FORMAL WAY OF SELF-PRESERVATION
MAN SATISFIES HIS MATERIAL NEEDS AND THE NEEDS OF THOSE ENTRUSTED TO HIM
WORK IS NOT ONLY A HUMAN RIGHT BUT ALSO AN OBLIGATION
EVERYONE HAS A MORAL OBLIGATION TO WORK
TO MAINTAIN AND DEVELOP HIS HUMANITYFOR HIS FAMILY, COUNTRY AND THE WHOLE HUMAN COMMUNITY
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