2 Cell ???, ??MONTH?? ??DATE??, 200? ©200? Elsevier Inc. DOI XXXXXXXXX See online version for ???
SnapShot: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXAUTHOR XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXAFFILIATION XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Changes in mRNA expression and protein content
HoursAcute exercise Chronic exercise trainingDays Weeks Months
mRNA
Protein content, enzyme function
Changefrombaseline
Improved exercise performanceand whole-body metabolism
PA
Exosomes
N U C L E U S
S A R C O P L A S M
C A P I L L A R Y
M I T O C H O N D R I O N
FAK CaMKII AMPK
Adaptiveresponses:
Hypertrophy
Mitochondrial biogenesis
SIRTsp38, ERK1/2, JNK
Angiogenesis
ERRα HIF-1α
HIF-1βPGC-1α
VEGF
MyoD
Myogenesis
MyoG
MRFs
MEF2
PGC-1β
Transcriptional regulatorsand mitochondrial genes
ERRαNRF-1/2PPARs
PRCPGC-1α
PHDs
miR-1, -133a, -133b, -181a, miR-9, -23a, -23b, -31
mTOR
Proteintranslationinitiation
p70S6K 4E-BP1
Autophagy
TORC1 TORC2
Akt
Contraction-induced modulators of gene expression in skeletal muscle
PiO2
NAD+:NADH
AMP:ATP
Mechanical stress
[Ca2+]i
Mechanosensation
Sarcolemmal disruption
Stimulus Sensor Downstream effectorPHDs
SIRTs
AMPK
MAPKs
CaMKs
FAK
PA
HIF-1α
PGC-1α, FOXO1, p53
HDAC, PGC-1α, CREB, SIRT1, HIF-1α
PGC-1α, CREB, ATF2
HDAC, CREB, SRF
mTOR, p70S6K
Akt, mTOR, FOXO1
Sources of energy provision in skeletal muscle
ATP hydrolysis
ATP resynthesis
Anaerobic pathways:Phosphocreatine degradation
Adenylate kinase reactionAnaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic pathways:Carbohydrate oxidation
Lipid oxidation
ATP + H2O ADP + Pi + H+ + energy
ADP + PCr + H+ ATP + Cr
Glycogen + 3 ADP 2 lactate + 2 H+ + 3 ATP
Palmitate + 23 O2 + 130 ADP + 130 Pi 16 CO2 + 146 H2O + 130 ATP Glucose + 6 O2 + 38 ADP + 38 Pi 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
2ADP ATP + AMP
HDACHDAC
Glucose metabolism
PGC-1α
MEF2 CREB GEF
PRIP140
Lipid metabolism
PGC-1α
ERRα FOXO1 PPARs
Atrogenes
FOXOsMurFMAFbx
FFA
FFA
Lipolysis
Glycolysis
ATP-PCr
Autocrine/paracrinesignaling
FFA
PYR
ATP
ATP
FA-CoA
mtDNATfam
ADP
Ac-CoA
ATP
H+
H+
H+
H+
Electrontransportchain
NAD+, FAD,ADP+Pi
NADH, FADH2,ATP, CO2
I
II
III
IV
V
FABP
CD36
β-oxidation
TCAcycle
CPT1
Glucose
LAC
NADHNAD+
Glucose
HK
LDH
PDH
G-6-P G-1-P
GLUT4
ATP
ADP
Inter-organ communication
Liver
Adipocytes
Brain
Bone
MuscleSecreted factors: IL-6, IL-15, myostatin, BAIBA, lactate, exosomes, and others
Glycogen
GSPHOS
IMTG
SnapShot: Exercise MetabolismBrendan Egan,1 John A. Hawley,2 and Juleen R. Zierath3
1School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland2Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia3Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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DOCUMENT #27054| VERSION 1.0.0
EXPAND
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The MyoCult™ Differentiation Kit
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