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REACTIONSRATE
MOLARITY
trialtime change
tempraturecatalyticSurfacearea
Concentrationof reactants
Influence by:
reaction order
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Reaction rateReaction rate or speed of reactionstating the number of chemical
reactions that take place per unittime. The reaction rate expressed inmolarity of solute reactiongenerated every second reaction.
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Explain the meaning and usefulnessmolarity
Calculate the concentration of thesolutionCreate a solution with a certain molarity
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Check TheIndicators
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Concentrations of Solutions
Water must be tested continually toensure that the concentrations ofcontaminants do not exceed establishedlimits.These contaminants include metals,pesticides, bacteria, and even the by-products of water treatment. You willlearn how solution concentrations arecalculated.
(molarity)
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The mole is a unit of amount ofsubstance which specifies the number ofa substance (atoms, molecules, or otherparticles). One mole is defined as theamount of substance that contains asmany particles of the substancecontained in the 12,000 atom gram atom
C-12.
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- A measurement of theconcentration of asolution
- Molarity ( M) is equal tothe moles of solute (n)per liter of solution (V)
mL1000
moles
Liter
moles M M= m x 1000
Mr V (mL)
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Massof Solute
Molarity
Molof Solute
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Example of Calculating Molarity
Determine the molarity of a solution prepared bydissolving 4 grams of NaOH into the water, in order toobtain 200 mL of solution. (Mr NaOH =40)An alys is of the problem:
known mass of solute and volume of solution, thenyou are asked to determine the molarity of the solution.Molarity is the number of moles of solute divided by thevolume of the solution. so all you have to do is:
g of NaOH moles of NaOH molarity
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LecturePLUS Timberlake 10
Learning Check Moles of NaOH, n = m = 0,4 gr =0,1 mol
Mr 40 gr/mol Solutions Volume = 200 mL = 0,2 LSo, The molarity Is :M = n = 0,1 mol = 0,5 mol L -1
V 0,2 L
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Molarity Vs Dilution
In a dilution ,water is addedvolume increases
concentration of solute decreases
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Initial and Diluted Solutions
In the initial and diluted solution,the moles of solute are the samethe concentrations and volumes are related
by the following equations:For molarity
M1V 1 = M 2V 2Concentra ted Dilutedso lu t ion so lu t ion
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Relat ionsh ip B etween m olar ity wi th leve ls ofso lu t ion
M = x 10 x dMr
with M = molarity, d = levels (%) solution, =density of the solution and
Mr = relative molecular mass of the solute insolution is concerned. 15
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Example
Calculate the molarity of sulfuricacid containing 96 H 2 SO 4 ,density of 1.8 kg L -1
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M = x 10 x %
Mr
M = 1,8 kg /L x 10 x 96 %98 gr/molM= 17,63 m0l/ L
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