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WORK
ENERGY
MACHINES
POWERHow fast work is done Capacity to do work
Makes work easier
Force acting through a
distance
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Instrumentthat makes
work
easier
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WORK
is the transfer of energy fromone physical distance to
another Measured in Joules
W = F x dWork = Force x Distance
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What is MechanicalAdvantage?
Number of times a machinemultiplies the effort force
Tells how much force is
gained by using machine
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The force you exert on the machine is called the input force or the effort force. The force exerted by
the machine is called the output force or the resistance force.
If you compare the input force to the output force, you can determine the advantage of using a
machine. A machines mechanical advantage is the number of times a force exerted on a machine is
multiplied by the machine.
A machine makes work easier by changing the
amount of force you exert, the distance over which
you exert your force, or the direction in which you
exert your force.
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TYPES OF WORKA.INPUTwork that goes into
the machineneeds effort force
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B.OUTPUTWork done by (out of)
the machine
ResistanceForce
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WORK = FORCE x DISTANCE
WORK INPUT WORK OUTPUT
INPUT = OUTPUT
EFFORT
FORCEDISTANCE
OUTPUT
FORCEDISTANCE
Multiply
the force
Change distance
overwhich force isexerted
Change
in Direction
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Machines do notincrease workoutput
Work output is never greater
than work input
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Work in = Work out
Work input (force to move something overa distance)
Work output (force from the machine to
move something over a distance)
Machines make work easier because theychange either the _________ , _________or _________of the force put into themachine.
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LeverA bar free to pivot, or
rotate about a fixed point(fulcrum)
Inclined PlaneA flat, slanted surface
ScrewTwisted
inclined plane
WedgePortable/moving
inclined plane
Wheel andaxle
Circular lever
(axle is fulcrum)
PulleyA wheel revolving
freely around an
axle
GearToothed wheel
that fit into one
another
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LEVERS Simple machines used to lift
weights
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First Class LeversAn example of this type is a
seesaw.
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Second Class LeverThe difference from the
first class lever is that the
fulcrum is on the end,instead of in the middle.
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Third Class Lever
The load is the fish; the handle
end is the fulcrum.
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INCLINEDPLANE
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Inclined Plane- A simple machine that makes it
easier to move a heavy object to a
higher or lower elevation.
- It reduces the amount of force
needed to lift the object.
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The Egyptians used inclined
planes to build the pyramids.
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WEDGES
A wedge is a simple machineshaped like an inclined plane.
It is like aportable inclined
plane.
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SCREWSA screw is a cylinder with an inclined
plane wrapped around it.
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Archimedes Screw
Archimedes of
Syracuse, when he wasin Egypt, invented a
machine for pumping
bilge water out of the
holds of ships.
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WHEEL AND AXLE
made up of two circular objects of
different sizes
Smaller
Object (axle)
Larger
Object
(wheel)
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Pulley
A wheel revolving freely
around an axle
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Mechanical Advantage = Output Force
Input Force
Examples:
Inclined Plane:
M.A. = Load
Effort
= 5N/0.2N
= 25
Pulley:
M.A. = Load
Effort
= 6.5N/1.5N
= 4
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Output workInput work x 100%
Efficiency of the machine =
Expressed as a percentage
EFFICIENCY
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