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Thorax Part 2
Gross Anatomy II
Pages 20-22Lec # 4
01-22-07
2007
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ANNOUNCEMENTS
Be sure to ID the branches of the BrachialPlexus andDO NOTremove the limb until afterlab exam today.
When you remove the limb, cut the pectoralmuscles, axillary vessels and brachial plexus
close to the thorax so that they will remain attheir maximum length and be associated with
the pectoral limb when you start dissecting thelimb in a later laboratory.
Enlarged unmarked images for slides 13, 18 &19
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Muscles and Structures of Trunk
Heave line: RAO or COPD heaves Review item Pathologic: Due to hypertrophy of EAO, Intercostals, and/or
maybe the Serratus Ventralis. Exact location debatable, butwe will put at muscle/aponeurosis intersection of EAO
Intercostobrachial nerves A second look before removing
Lateral thoracic nerve
Try to identify and at least leave stump as you remove thelimb
Intercostal muscles
Note external and internal intercostal muscles
Note dorsal ventral level of these muscles
Note endothoracic fascia and Parietal Pleura
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S667
Heave Line
External Intercostals
External Abdominal Oblique
Serratus Ventralis (Thoracic)
EI
EAO
SVT
Intercostobrachial Plexus
External Thoracic Vein
Lateral Thoracic Nerve
Cutaneous Muscles
Removed
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Explanation/Review Question How many ribs and thoracic vertebrae in
a horse, and thus how many intercostal
spaces, and between which two vertebrae
does the first rib articulate?
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Auscultation Triangle
Again !
Know boundaries
Know relationship to heart and lungs
Know relationship to recesses and diaphragmaticline of pleural reflection
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S667
Auscultation Triangle (Again)
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Left View of Thorax 1: Outline of heart: 2nd Space-6th Space
2: Basal border of lung
3: Diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
Area of absolute cardiac dullness (3rd rib to 6th rib+/-)
Cardiac notch of the lungs P A M: I3rd,H4th, L5th on Left
Costomediastinal Recess: ventral border of lungs
Phrenicocostal Recess (Costodiaphragmatic): basal
border of the lungs
Thoracocentesis at 7th space
Cupola of diaphragm: Ventral to middle of 6th rib
Cupola of pleura: Cranial to 1st rib on right
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7TH RIB
D495
Landmarks:LeftThorax
1 Outline of Heart
2 Basal Border of Lung = +/-
Hypotenuse of Auscultation Triangle
3 Diaphragmatic Line of Pleural Reflection
Area of Absolute
Cardiac Dullness
Cardiac Notch
P = I3rd
A = H4th
M = L5th
CM Recess
V. Border of Lungs
PC Recess
B. Border of Lungs
Thoracocentesis at 7th Space
Cupola of Diaphragm,
See right view
Cupola of Pleura, See
right View
P
A
M
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Right View of Thorax 1: Outline of heart
2: Basal border of lung
3: Diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
Area of absolute cardiac dullness (3rd rib to 5th space +/-)
Cardiac notch of the lungs T: L4th
Costomediastinal recess: ventral border of lungs
Phrenicocostal recess (costodiaphragmatic): basal
border of the lungs
Thoracocentesis at 7th space (6th +/-)
Cupola of diaphragm
Cupola of pleura
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D520B1
7TH RIBLandmarks: Right Thorax
T
See also Left View
1 Outline of Heart
2 Basal Border of Lung = +/-
Hypotenuse of Auscultation Triangle
3 Diaphragmatic Line of Pleural Reflection
Area of AbsoluteCardiac Dullness
Cardiac Notch
CM Recess
V. Border of Lungs
PC Recess
B. Border of Lungs
Thoracocentesis at 6th or 7th Space
Cupola of Diaphragm
Cupola of Pleura
Tricuspid Valve
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The Brachial Plexus Nerves at Proximal Levels
C6 - T2
Musculocutaneous + Median
Ansa Axillaris (Mainly MC also Cran. Pect. Ns)
Ulnar and Radial
Suprascapular
Subscapular
Thoracodorsal
Lateral Thoracic and Caudal Pectorals Axillary
Long Thoracic
Vessels: Axillary Vein and Artery
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PIII128
Brachial PlexusC6-T-2
Musculocutaneous
Median
Median + Musculocutaneous
Ansa Axillaris, Cranial Pectoral
Ulnar
Radial
Suprascapular
Subscapular
ThoracodorsalLateral Thoracic & Caudal Pectoral
Axillary
Long Thoracic (Not Pictured)
Vessels: Axillary Artery and Vein
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The location of the usually solitary abscesses in 15 of 25 Standardbreds and 14 of 20
Thoroughbreds was in the caudodorsal lung field. For horses appropriately treated that had
raced prior to therapy their post therapy racing performance was not significantly different
from their performance prior to surgery.
Anatomical Correlates, JAVMAapr15001285a
Left figure is an abscess in the caudodorsal lung field, the right figure is an abscess
in the caudoventral lung field with the arrows showing the fluid/air interface in theabscess
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Pleura: visceral and parietal
Pleura: pulmonary = visceral
Pleura: parietal Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
Pericardial (mediastinal) pleura Plica vena cava: contains Caudal Vena Cava & Right Phrenic Nerve
Pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium Pericardial cavity
Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
Mediastinum: All Structures except lungs, plica vena cava and its contents
Mediastinum and Serosal
Structures of the Thorax
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Review/Clarification Question What is cardiac Tamponade, which
major pumping chamber is most
susceptible to its effects, and what effect
might it have on superficial veins?
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Structures and Areas within the Thoracic Cavity
on X-Section
Phrenicocostal recess
Costomediastinal recess
Vagus nerve and branches
Phrenic nerve
Ansa subclavia
Orientation of the heart
Chambers of the heart
Cupola of the diaphragm up to 6th rib
Mediastinum and Subdivisions
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D498B
X-Section of
Thorax at T5
ND p523
Right Lung
Left Lung
EsophagusCarina (3) of Trachea
Aorta
Bifurcation of Pulmonary
Trunk
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
The Horse is
Facing You
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D496
Pleuraand
Mediastinum
ND p521
Phrenicocostal Recess
Costomediastinal Recess
Vagus Nerve & Branches
Phrenic Nerve
Ansa Subclavia
Cupola of Diaphragm
Right Auricle
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
MediastinumCranial Mediastinum
(Precardial)
Middle Mediastinum
(Cardial)
Caudal Mediastinum
(Postcardial)
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Review Question In what intercostal space and at what
dorsal-ventral level is a thoracocentesis
performed on the left or on the right in
all the domestic animals except the
____________.
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Dorsal Scapular Ligament
Formed by: thoracolumbar (lumbodorsal) fascia(this portion is elastic)
Extends from T3 to T5 between supraspinous
ligament and spinous processes to perforate the
serratus ventralis and attach to the scapula
Sends lamellae between the epaxial muscles of the
area
Supplies attachment for the Splenius,
Rhomboideus, Semispinalis Capitis
Unique to the Equine Species
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PIII128
Brachial PlexusC6-T-2
Musculocutaneous
Median
Median + Musculocutaneous
Ansa Axillaris, Cranial Pectoral
Ulnar
Radial
Suprascapular
Subscapular
ThoracodorsalLateral Thoracic & Caudal Pectoral
Axillary
Long Thoracic (Not Pictured)
Vessels: Axillary Artery and Vein
Corresponds to slide 13
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Original Corresponding to Slide 18 (D498B, ND523,NND520)
Corresponds to slide 18
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Original Corresponding to Slide 19 (D496, ND521, NND517)
Corresponds to slide 19
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