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ILO code of practice
Safety and health
in the use of machinery
International Labour Office Geneva
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Copyright © International Labour Organization 2013First published 2013
Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copy-right Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, oncondition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should bemade to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22,Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications.
Libraries, institutions and other user s registered with reproduction rights organizations m ay make copiesin accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduc-tion rights organization in your country.
ILOSafety end health in the use of machinery. ILO code of practiceGeneva, International Labour Office, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment, 2013
ISBN 978-92-2-127725-5 (print)ISBN 978-92-2-127726-2 (web pdf)
occupational safety / occupational health / hazard / protective equipment / machinery / code of practice13.04.2
Also available in French: La sécurité et la santé dans l’utilisation des machines (ISBN 978-92-2-227725-4),Geneva, 2013, and in Spanish: Seguridad y salud en la utilización de la maquinaria (ISBN 978-92-2-327725-3),Geneva, 2013.
ILO Catalog uing in Publicat ion Data
The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice,and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the partof the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of itsauthorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.
The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solelywith their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Officeof the opinions expressed in them.
Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the Inter national Labour Office , and any failure to mention a part icular firm, commer cial pr oduct o r process is not a sign of di sapproval.
ILO publications and electronic products can be obtained through major booksellers or I LO local officesin many countries, or direct from ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22,Switzerland. Catalogues or lists of new publications are available free of charge from the above address,or by email: [email protected]
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Code: DTP-CAD-CORR-NOU-IMPR
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V
Preface
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Safety and health in the use of machinery
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VII
List of participants
Chairperson
Experts appointed after consultations with governments
Adviser
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List of participants
International governmental and non-governmental organizations
represented
ILO secretariat
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Safety and health in the use of machinery
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Contents
XI
Contents
Preface
List of participants
Introduction 1
Part I. General requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1. General provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. General obligations, responsibilities and duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
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. . . . . . . . . . . 43
3. General statements on the working environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
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4. Control systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5. Machinery guarding and protection
against mechanical hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6. Machinery guarding and protection
against other hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
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7. Information and marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
machinery types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
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Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
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1
Introduction
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Figure 1. Division of responsibilities for ensuring safety in the useof machinery during its life cycle
Responsibility of designers, manufacturers,suppliers
Responsibility of employers
d e s i g n
m a n
u f a c t u
r i n g
s u p p l y i n
g
i n s t a l l i n
g
c h o o s i n g a n d b u y i n g
u s e
i n s p e c t i o n
m
a i n t e n a n c e
m
o d i fi c a t i o n
d e c o m
m i s s i o n i n g
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Guidelines on Occu-
pational Safety and Health Management Systems (ILO–OSH 2001),
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Introduction
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P ART I. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
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1. General provisions
1.1. Scope and application
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1.2. Objectives
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1.3. Hierarchy of controls
1.4. Definitions
– Competent authority:
– Competent person:
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– Dangerous occurrence:
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– Employer:
– Fault tolerance: Ability of a functional unit to continue to per-
– Guard: -
– Hazard
– Incident: An unsafe occurrence arising out of or in the course of
– Life cycle:
– Machinery:
– Maintenance: -
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– Manufacturers: -
– OSH management system: A set of interrelated or interacting
– Protective device:
– Risk: -
– Risk assessment:
– Safety and health committee:
– Supplier: -
– Worker: -
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– Workers’ representative: -
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2. General obligations, responsibilitiesand duties
2.1. Roles and obligations of the competent authority
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2.2. General responsibilities of designers and manufacturers
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General obligations, responsibilities and duties
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New machine or periodic review,or modified machine
Determine the range of uses of the machine (a)
Identify hazard (b)
Eliminate hazards where practicable (c)
Estimate risk (d)
Are somehazards left?
Evaluate the risk (e)
Is risk adequatelycontrolled?
Is risk adequatelycontrolled?
Apply protective measure (f)
ENDrisk reduction
process
Yes
No
No No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Are there new
risks due tothe change?
Figure 2. Iterative risk assessment and reduction process
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No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
NoYes
Machine
Fluid is flammable and heated above flashpoint
Possible that fluid gets heated above flashpoint
Heating is controlled
Install safety device to ensure heating is belowflashpoint, remove source of emission, etc.
Cleaning fluid, electrically heated and pumped through the system weekly.Fluid is flammable and toxic to humans
END riskreductionprocess
Is risk adequatelycontrolled?
Is risk adequatelycontrolled?
Product mixer
Change fluid to a flammable non-toxic one
Are somehazards left?
Are there newrisks due tothe change?
Figure 3. Example of the iterative risk assessment and reduction processfor machinery involving flammable fluid where the hazardcan be eliminated
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General obligations, responsibilities and duties
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No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
NoYes
Power concrete saw
Dust generated during cutting
Dust is toxic to humans
Dust emission controlled
Install water reservoirs/spray nozzle
END riskreductionprocess
Saw cut concrete materials
Dust generated during cutting
Elimination of dust is not possible
Is risk adequatelycontrolled?
Is risk adequatelycontrolled?
Are somehazards left?
Are there newrisks due tothe change?
Figure 4. Example of the iterative risk assessment and reduction processfor a power concrete saw where the hazard cannot be eliminatedbut is controlled
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2.2.14. Instructions
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2.3. General responsibilities of suppliers
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2.4. General responsibilities of employers
2.4.1. Occupational safety and health policy and organization
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2.4.2. Buying and selecting machinery
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2.4.3. Inspection of machinery
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2.4.4. Risk assessment and risk reduction
Risk assessment and reduction process for employers
1. Introduction
likelihood
severity
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2. General requirements
3. Outline of the risk assessment procedure
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and
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Safety and health in the use of machinery
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Likelihood:
Severity:
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1
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4. Risk control
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5. Maintaining and documenting risk control processes
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2.4.5. Recording and documentation
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2.4.6. Use of machinery
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2.4.7. Maintenance
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