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Business and PovertyProgramme
Madingley Hall, CambridgeNovember 2006
Will Day, Senior Associate,
Cambridge Programme for Industry
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Extreme (or absolute) poverty :
Living in extreme poverty (less than $1 a day) -means not being able to afford the most basic
necessities to ensure survival.
More than 1.2 billion people (NetAid)
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wikepedia
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Moderate poverty :
Moderate poverty, defined as earningbetween $1 and $2 a day - enableshouseholds to barely meet their basicneeds, but they must forgo many of thethings-education, health care-that many of ustake for granted. The smallest misfortune
(health issue, job loss, etc.) threatenssurvival.
Another 3 billion people (Net Aid)
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Relative poverty :
Definitional problem. Implies a nationalpoverty threshold which varies by country
say 25% of median income.
In 1999, the income of a U.S. family at thepoverty line was $17,020. This was
28.49% of the median income in the U.S.
In 2004 USA estimated that 12% belownational poverty line. 30 million people.
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%age of relative poverty
WIKEPEDIA
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Measures of poverty?
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Global Environment Outlook 2000
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Wheres the growth?
0
2
4
6
8
10
1 9 5 0
1 9 6 0
1 9 7 0
1 9 8 0
1 9 9 0
2 0 0 0
2 0 1 0
2 0 2 0
2 0 3 0
2 0 4 0
2 0 5 0
B I L L I O N S O F P E O P L E
DEVELOPING
DEVELOPED
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Age Distribution of the WorldsPopulation
300 200 100 0 100 200 300 300 100 100 300
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario), 2003.
80+75-7970-7465-6960-6455-59
50-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2417-1910-16
5-90-4
Male Male FemaleFemale
Less DevelopedRegions
More DevelopedRegions
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Life Expectancy at Birth
65.4
75.6
63.4
51.0
World More DevelopedRegions
Less DevelopedCountries
Least DevelopedCountries
Note: More developed regions, according to the UN Population Division, include Australia, New Zealand,Europe, North America, and Japan. Less developed regions include Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), andLatin America and the Caribbean; 50 countries within these regions are classified as least developed.
Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.
2000-2005Years
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WDR 2006
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Childhood Mortality Among thePoor
66
105
114
121
128
149183
189
206
257
Philippines 2003
Bolivia 2003
Lesotho 2004
Bangladesh 2004
Ghana 2003
Kenya 2003Malawi 2004
Cameroon 2004
Burkina Faso 2003
Nigeria 2003
Poorest Economic QuintileDeaths under age 5 per 1,000 births
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.
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Childhood VaccinationCoverage
3
56
85
4
69
88
9
78
90
11
72
90
40
8391
Nigeria 2003 Philippines 2003 Egypt 2005
Poorest Quintile 2nd Quintile 3rd Quintile 4th Quintile Richest Quintile
Children 12-23 Months Receiving Full Basic CoveragePercent
Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.
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World Development Report, 2006
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0.1
0.2
0.3
1.2
1.5
1.6
2.0
2.3
4.4
5.9
Mali
Cambodia
Bangladesh
Bolivia
Mexico
China
Jordan
U.S.
Greece
Cuba
1997-2004*Physicians per 1,000 people
Availability of Doctors
* Data are for the most recent year available for each country.Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 .
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1 9 5 0
1 9 6 0
1 9 7 0
1 9 8 0
1 9 9 0
2 0 0 0
2 0 1 0
2 0 2 0
URBAN DEVELOPING
URBAN DEVELOPED
RURAL
P O P U L A T I O N
I N
B I L L I O N S
2
4
6
8
1 0
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FIVE CHIEF FEATURES OF ASLUM
Lack of durable housing Insufficient living area Lack of access to clean water Inadequate sanitation Insecure tenure
Definition: UN Habitat
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A few numbers.
Indian cities to grow by 300 million China 400 million people to house 24,000 villages abandoned in 10 years
1,000 new cars registered daily in Beijing Kenya running out of land Lagos 14 million 180,000 people are being added to the
global urban population every day
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Per Capita calorie consumption
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Philippe Rekacewicz, UNEP/GRID-Arendal
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GNP growth 1999 and 2000
Philippe Rekacewicz , World Bank 2001
Evolution of GNP in the major
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Evolution of GNP in the major regions of the world
UNEP: World Bank, 2001
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Growing inequality
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Foreign direct investment: Net inflows 2002
Foreign direct investment: Net inflows2002
World Bank Group. 2004,
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WDR 2006
Adult Literacy Rate 2000 2004
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Adult Literacy Rate, 2000 - 2004
UNESCO 2005. Available online at http://www.uis.unesco.org
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Income gaps between economies
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
1 9 9 5
2 0 0 0
2 0 0 5
2 0 1 0
2 0 1 5
2 0 2 0
2 0 2 5
2 0 3 0
2 0 3 5
2 0 4 0
2 0 4 5
2 0 5 0
Developing RegionsIndustrial Regions
7 times
3 times
d ithi i
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.and within economies
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NOAA-NGDC 1998,
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Carbon Emissions Per Capita,1999
World Resources Institute, 2001
Share of Woodfuels in National Energy
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Share of Woodfuels in National EnergyConsumption
World Resources Institute - PAGE, 2000
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UN Millennium Development Goals
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Improve maternal health Reduce child mortality Achieve universal primary education Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Promote gender equality and empower women Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development
http://www.developmentgoals.org/Education.htmhttp://www.developmentgoals.org/Education.htmTop Related