Institut für Wärme- undInstitut für Wärme und Brennstofftechnik
Separation of CO2 in Coal Fired Power Plants without Efficiency Losses?!
Reinhard Leithner; Martin Strelow; Silvia Magda; Fridolin Röder; Christian Schlitzberger
CO2 capture
CO2 N2+H2OH2O-condensationH2O
CO2
combustion toCO +H O+N
conventional cycles like steam cycle andcombined steam and gas turbine cycle
Gas separation
with MEA,Lithiumzirkonate etc.
CO2-separationN2-separationN2
CO2+H2O+N2
air CmHn
Gas separationmethods:absorptioncryogenicmembraneadsorptioncondensation
gasification methods:
airO2water
exo-therm
(water vapour)gasification
CO
(I)
air separation
O2CO+H 2
condensation watervapourCO2H2
endo-therm recyclingcombined
in solidoxide
fuell cell
N2
CO2-separation CO2
H2
oxidation Fuel cells and adapted conventional cycles like steam
oxygen-combustion
H2O
CO2+H2O
(capable of H2 and CO)
adapted(flue gas recirculation)
conventional cycleslike steam cycle and
bi d t d
CO+H2 - ShiftreactionCO+H2+H2O CO2 + 2H2
(I)
H2O+N2
cycle and combined steam- and gasturbine cycle
H2Ocondensation
H2OCO2
combined steam andgas turbine cycle
22.06.2011| R. Leithner | Separation of CO2 in Coal Fired Power Plants without Efficiency Losses?! | Seite 2
2 2 2 2
Principle of Carbonate Looping
RCaOCO2 CaCO3 RH (p0,T0 )
RH (p0,T0 ) 170 kJmol
with mol
- Calcinator:Heat input with high temperatureHeat input with high temperature
- Carbonator:Heat output with lower temperaturep p
- Heat output in Calcinator is equal to heat input in Carbonator
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Carbonate Looping as retrofit
- Calcination with oxyfuel-combustion for heat inputrefer to [Epple,2007] TU Darmstadt
- Problem: Air separation and additional fuel necessary
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Alternative integration of Carbonate Looping in a coal fired power plant
- Water vapour as fluidisation gas in Calcinator
- Calcinator is integrated in b ti h bcombustion chamber
- Pressure in Calcinator is higher than atmospherehigher than atmosphere downstream turbine for additional power output
- No additional heat input necessary
- Heat transfer for evaporation in Carbonator
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Simulation with ENBIRPO (energy balance program)
22.06.2011| R. Leithner | Separation of CO2 in Coal Fired Power Plants without Efficiency Losses?! | Seite 6
Modelling of Carbonator and Calcinator
M b lMass balance:
Energy balance:
min,gas min,solid mout,gas mout,solid
Energy balance:Hin,gas Hin,solid Qreaction Hout,gas Hout,solid
- Balance equations in Carbonator and CalcinatorBalance equations in Carbonator and Calcinator- Ideal stirred reactor model (zero dimensional model, temperature in reactor
is equal to output temperature)- Reaction with chemical equilibriumReaction with chemical equilibrium - Equilibrium composition with Gibbs Enthalpy and law of mass action
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The reference power plant
- Power plant Staudinger 6 (E.ON Engeneering GmbH)
22.06.2011| R. Leithner | Separation of CO2 in Coal Fired Power Plants without Efficiency Losses?! | Seite 8
The reference power plant
22.06.2011| R. Leithner | Separation of CO2 in Coal Fired Power Plants without Efficiency Losses?! | Seite 9
Power plant with CO2 capture
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Power plant with CO2 capture and compression
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Simulation results – QT diagram
Fl CO d H OFlue gas CO2 and H2O downstream Calcinator
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Simulation results
Reference power plant
Power plant with CO2 capture
Power plant with CO2capture and p p 2 p pcompression
Heat input 2363 MW 2363 MW 2363 MWHeat input 2363 MW 2363 MW 2363 MW
Steam turbine: electrical output 1101 MW 1040 MW 1040 MW
H O/CO t biH2O/CO2-turbine: electrical output - 41 MW 41 MW
CO2 compression - - 81 MW
Auxiliary power 48 MW 50 MW 50 MW
Gross efficiency 46,6 % 45,8 % 45,8 %
Net efficiency 44,5 % 43,7 % 40,2 %
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Possible further improvements
- Evaporation of transport water partly withEvaporation of transport water partly with bled steam and use of CO2 and steam-heat after turbine for part flow superheating and reheatingp g g
- Increasing transport water flow
- Increasing CO2 partial pressure followed b i i l i ti t tby increasing calcination-temperature
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Comparison of some technologies to capture CO2
Post combustion Oxyfuel combustion Pre Post combustion Oxyfuel combustion combustion
Chemical absorbtion(MEA)
Carbonate Looping as retrofit
Integrated Carbonate Looping
Chemical Looping
Oxyfuel with recirculation
IGGC power plant
(MEA) retrofit Looping
State of technology
first pilot plants test facility feasibility
study test facility first pilot plants
first pilot plants
Ti h i h t t l t l t l t di h t tTime horizon short-term long-term long-term long-term medium short-term
Retrofit possible yes yes no no (yes) no
10 8 % 3 % 1% (8 %) 10 %Efficiency Losses without compression
10,8 % 3 % < 1% - (8 %) 10 %
[Korkmaz,2011]Berwertung von Maßnahmen zur Nachrüstung von
Steinkohlekraftwerken mit einer CO2 Rückhaltung
[Epple, 2008] CO2 Capture Based on Chemical Looping and
Carbonate Looping, VGB Power Tech
[Gonschorek, 2006]Entwicklungsstand
des Oxyfuel-Prozesses, Kraftwerktechnisches
Kolloquium
[Ogriseck,2006] Kraftwerke mit
Kohlevergasung, Informationsdienst Kompetenz
in Energieeiner CO2 Rückhaltung, VDI Fortschritts-Berichte
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Separation of CO2 in Coal Fired Power Plants without Efficiency Losses?!
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
Prof. Dr. techn. R. LeithnerInstitut of Heat and Fuel Technology
Technische Universität BraunschweigTechnische Universität Braunschweigwww.wbt.ing.tuwww.wbt.ing.tu--bs.debs.de
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