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Page 1: Self%Reported,Sleep,is,Associated,with,RiskEvalua8on · PDF fileSelf%Reported,Sleep,is,Associated,with,RiskEvalua8on,in,Older,Adults, C.G.Genesio1,K.L.Seaman 1,D.V.Howard 2,J.H.Howard,Jr.

Self-­‐Reported  Sleep  is  Associated  with  Risk  Evalua8on  in  Older  Adults  

C.G.  Genesio1,  K.L.  Seaman1,  D.V.  Howard2,  J.H.  Howard,  Jr.123  1Department  of  Psychology,  The  Catholic  University  of  America,  Washington,  DC;  2Department  of  Psychology,  Georgetown  

University,  Washington,  DC;  3Department  of  Neurology,  Georgetown  University,  Washington,  DC  

         

IntroducEon:  •  Prior  research  has  demonstrated  that  older  adults  suffer  from  a  decline  in  sleep  quality,1  and  

that  changes  in  risk-­‐taking  from  aging  may  be  due  to  age-­‐related  learning  deficits.2  •  However,  plenEful  sleep  has  a  beneficial  effect  on  learning3  and  risky  decision-­‐making  in  

adolescents.4  •  Sleep’s  effect  on  learning  may  be  preserved  in  older  adults  amidst  the  detrimental  effects  of  aging.  

•  In  this  study,  we  examined  the  relaEonship  between  sleep  and  performance  on  a  task  in  risky  decision-­‐making,  the  Balloon  Analogue  Risk  Task  (BART)  5  in  older  adults.  •  The  BART  has  been  previously  shown  to  validly  measure  risk-­‐taking.  

Results:  •  Sleep  correlated  with  parEcipants’  mean  adjusted  number  of  pumps  (block  2,  block  3,  and  overall),  number  of  explosions,  and  with  parEcipants’  total  points  acquired.  •  ParEcipants  with  more  sleep  pumped  the  balloon  more  oYen  on  each  trial.  •  More  sleep  associated  with  higher  success  in  the  task.  

Gender   36  male  (73.72),  60  female  (71.28)  Age   72.20  (8.37)  Self-­‐Reported  Health   4.13  (0.67)  Sleep  Mode   2  (5-­‐6  hrs.)  Digit  Symbol  Forward   10.62  (2.23)  Digit  Symbol  Backward   7.18  (2.28)  Digit  Symbol  Coding   59.60  (15.16)  Digit  Symbol  Pairing   9.740  (4.82)  Digit  Symbol  Free  Recall   6.938  (1.46)  NAART   10.88  (7.36)£  £n=93  

BART  Variable   M  (SD)  

Total  Points   6450.32  (2194.15)£  

Explosions   8.15  (4.05)  

Adjusted  Number  of  Pumps   37.28  (17.18)  

Adjusted  Number  of  Pumps  –  Block  1   33.28  (17.71)  

Adjusted  Number  of  Pumps  –  Block  2   35.00  (18.20)  

Adjusted  Number  of  Pumps  –  Block  3   37.99  (20.61)  

£n=94  

vv  

Methods:  Balloon  Analogue  Risk  Task5  •  ParEcipants  were  instructed  to  either  pump  a  balloon  on  the  screen  or  collect  points  earned  for  each  trial.  •  Gained  10  points  for  each  pump.  •  OpEmal  number  of  pumps  was  64.  •  Three  blocks  of  ten  trials  each  =  thirty  trials  total.  •  Calculated  average  adjusted  number  of  pumps  for  each  of  three  blocks.                                                Sleep  Measure  • Self-­‐reported  Likert-­‐type  scale:  <5hrs.      5-­‐6hrs.      6-­‐7hrs.      7-­‐8hrs.  8-­‐9hrs.  9hrs.>      

References:  1Feinberg,  I.,  Koresko,  R.L.,  &  Heller,  N.  (1967).  EEG  sleep  palerns  as  a  funcEon  of  normal  and  pathological  aging  in  man.  Journal  

 of  Psychiatric  Research,  5(2),  107-­‐144.  doi:  10.1016/0022-­‐3956(67)90027-­‐1  2  Mata,  R.,  Josef,  A.K.,  Samanez-­‐Larkin,  G.R.,  &  Hertwig,  R.  (2011).  Age  differences  in  risky  choice:  A  meta-­‐analysis.  

 Annals  of  the    New  York  Academy  of  Sciences,  1235,  18-­‐29.  doi:  10.1111/j.1749-­‐6632.2011.06200.x  3Walker,  M.P.,  &  SEckgold,  R.  (2004).  Sleep-­‐dependent  learning  and  memory  consolidaEon.  Neuron,  44,  121-­‐133.  doi:  10.1016/

 j.neuron.2004.08.031  4O’Brien,  E.M.,  &  Mindell,  J.A.  (2005).  Sleep  and  risk-­‐taking  behavior  in  adolescents.  Behavioral  Sleep  Medicine,  3(3),  113-­‐133.  doi:  

 10.1207/s15402010bsm0303_1  5Lejuez,  C.W.,  Read,  J.P.,  Kahler,  C.W.,  Richards,  J.B.,  Ramsey,  S.E.,  Stuart,  G.L.,  Strong,  D.R.,  &  Brown,  R.A.  (2002).  EvaluaEon  of  a  

 behavioral  measure  of  risk:  The  balloon  analogue  risk  task  (BART).  Journal  of  Experimental  Psychology:  Applied,  8(2),  75-­‐84.    doi:  10.1037//1076-­‐898X.8.2.75  

Acknowledgements:  S.A.  Kiser,  K.M.  O’Neil,  &  the  CogniEve  Aging  Lab.  

Discussion:  •  Older  adults  with  more  sleep  learned  and  pumped  the  balloon  more  oYen.  •  Results  consistent  with  studies  showing  the  impact  of  learning  on  risk-­‐taking2  and  sleep’s  effect  on  learning.3  •  Suggested  sleep’s  effect  on  learning  was  preserved  in  aging  and  induced  riskier  decision-­‐making  in  a  risk  

measurement.  •  PracEce  effects  from  early  task  blocks  augmented  risky  decision-­‐making.  •  Future  studies  should  examine  sleep’s  effect  on  learning  in  older  adults  using  another  risk-­‐taking  measurement,  

such  as  the  Iowa  Gambling  Task  (IGT).  

67th  Annual  ScienEfic  MeeEng  of  the  Gerontological  Society  of  America  November  5-­‐9,  2014,  Washington,  D.C.  Email:  [email protected]  

Research  Supported  by  NIA  Grant  RO1  AG036863  Abstract  ID:  1981619  

<  5     5-­‐6   6-­‐7   7-­‐8   8-­‐9  

Sleep  (hrs.)  

Block  3  

<  5   5-­‐6   6-­‐7   7-­‐8   8-­‐9  Sleep  (hrs.)  

Block  2  

• Significant  correlaEon  for  sleep  with  adjusted  number  of  pumps  in  block  2  and  in  block  3  for  older  adults,  but  not  in  block  1.  • Suggests  sleep-­‐induced  learning  occurred  over  Eme.  

<  5   5-­‐6   6-­‐7   7-­‐8   8-­‐9  0  

10  

20  

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90  

Average  Ad

justed

 Num

ber  o

f  Pum

ps  

Sleep  (hrs.)  

Block  1  

<  5   5-­‐6   6-­‐7   7-­‐8   8-­‐9  0  

10  

20  

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Average  Ad

justed

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ber  o

f  Pum

ps  

Sleep  (hrs.)  

Overall  

• Sleep  correlated  with  overall  average  adjusted  number  of  pumps.  • Suggests  learning  occurred  with  sleep.  

r(94)=.230,  p=.024  

0  

0.05  

0.1  

0.15  

0.2  

0.25  

0.3  

Overall  Adjusted  Pumps  

Total  Points  

Explosions   Block  1   Block  2   Block  3  

r  Value

 

BART  Variable  

Correla8ons  with  Sleep  

r(94)=.210,  p=.040  r(94)=.285,  p=.005