Self Monitoring and Self Consciousness
Individual Differences in Self Processes
Self Monitoring
• Individual Differences in Self Presentation• Self Monitoring scale – Snyder– Individual differences in ability and motivation to
vary one’s expressive behavior over settings• Similar to factor N on 16pf• Not simply conformity
– Mean (BSU 317): 12.15 (quartiles = 9/15)– Good or bad?
Self-Monitoring Findings
• Actors score high (politicians?)• High SM better at emotion recognition and
expression– Production/interpretation tasks
• High SM better person memory; but only if future interaction is anticipated
• Marketing: soft sell (e.g.,) vs. hard sell (e.g.,)• Trait – behavior correlation
Self Consciousness/Awareness
Focus of attention on one’s self
Varies over situations – Self Awareness Varies over people – Self Consciousness
Self Awareness
• Self awareness continuum: +---------------------------------------------------+
Objective Self-awareness Deindividuation
Types of situations?
Self Awareness
• Two effects:• OSA uncomfortable– Why?– Motivated to reduce– How?
• Deindividuation – Increased likelihood of counter-normative
behavior– Self system disengaged
Self Consciousness
• Individual Differences• Three subscales:• Private – inward focus• Public – concern with others’ perceptions of
self• Social anxiety – experience of anxiety in social
situations
Self Consciousness
• Norms: Mean Quartiles• Private 49 57/44• Public 38 44/31• Social Anxiety 26 32/18
• Private and Public relatively independent• Moderate Public – Social Anxiety correlation
Private Self-Consciousness
• Potential Positive:– Self-knowledge
• Potential Negative:– Excessive rumination– Depression• Why?
Self-Consciousness
• Strategies for reducing?• Hull– Perform task – Return and receive false feedback– Wine tasting
False Feedback Positive Negative High Private Low Private
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