Seismic Retrofit of Bridges & Seismic Retrofit of Bridges & Disaster Management SystemDisaster Management SystemSeismic Retrofit of Bridges & Seismic Retrofit of Bridges & Disaster Management SystemDisaster Management System
September 2005September 2005
In KimIn KimRoad Environment Division, Road BureauRoad Environment Division, Road BureauMinistry of Construction & TransportationMinistry of Construction & Transportation
September 2005September 2005
In KimIn KimRoad Environment Division, Road BureauRoad Environment Division, Road BureauMinistry of Construction & TransportationMinistry of Construction & Transportation
Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1.1.
Disaster Response System2.2.
ContentsContents
1) Bridges Classification2) Construction Period3) Recent Earthquake in KOREA (M>4.0)4) Analysis of Bridge Damages from Earthquake5) Retrofit Strategy6) Retrofit Method
1) General Classification of Disaster2) Disaster Response Organization of Korea3) Workflow of Damage Assessment and Recovery Planning4) Disaster Response Organization of MOCT5) Workflow of Road Damage Recovery6) Strategy for Reducing Disaster Damage
22,159 bridges in Korea as of December 200422,159 bridges in Korea as of December 2004
By roads By superstructure types
Highways27%
LocalRoads51%
NationalRoads22%
Steel Box Girder 12% RC
Slab 40%
Rahmen 20%
ETC 3%
PSC I Beam 17%
RCT Beam 5%
PSC Box Girder3%
1) Bridges Classification1) Bridges Classification
1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges
2) Construction Periods2) Construction Periods
53% of the bridges were built within the past 10 years with
the country’s economy growth
53% of the bridges were built within the past 10 years with
the country’s economy growth
219
1468 2302
6303
11808
59
0
3000
6000
9000
12000
15000
∼'64 '65∼'74 '75∼'84 '85∼'94 '95 ∼ ETC
1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges
3) Recent earthquakes in Korea measuring 4.0 or higher on the Richter scale3) Recent earthquakes in Korea measuring 4.0 or higher on the Richter scale
35 earthquakes since 1978 35 earthquakes since 1978
ㆍ Oct. 7, 1978 in Hongseong (M=5.0)
ㆍ Occurrences of earthquakes since 1978 Magnitude 4.0≤M<5.0 : 30 Magnitude 5.0≤M<6.0 : 5 ㆍ There were partial building damages but no bridge damages f
rom the earthquakesㆍ Dec. 13, 1996 in Youngweol (M=4.5)
1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges
4) Analysis of Bridges Damages from Earthquakes4) Analysis of Bridges Damages from Earthquakes
EARTHQUAKE
ㆍ Abutment Movement ㆍ Foundation Collapse
ㆍ Liquefactionㆍ Settlement ㆍ Slope Sliding
ㆍ Insufficient Support Lengthㆍ Short of Ductility of PIER
ㆍ PIER Collapse ㆍ Unseating
1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges
5) Retrofit Strategy5) Retrofit Strategy
① Seismic Design Specification
ㆍ Seismic design specification was introduced for the first time in 1992
when it was integrated into the Korean Bridge Design Code
ㆍ All new bridges built after 1999 are required to meet the seismic design
specifications
② Seismic Retrofit of Existing Bridges ㆍ Ductility of concrete columns enhanced
ㆍ Seismic Isolation or energy dissipation equipment/apparatus installed
① Seismic Design Specification
ㆍ Seismic design specification was introduced for the first time in 1992
when it was integrated into the Korean Bridge Design Code
ㆍ All new bridges built after 1999 are required to meet the seismic design
specifications
② Seismic Retrofit of Existing Bridges ㆍ Ductility of concrete columns enhanced
ㆍ Seismic Isolation or energy dissipation equipment/apparatus installed
1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges
6) Retrofit Methods6) Retrofit Methods
- Bearing Replacement -Isolations (LRB, Damper)
- Bearing Replacement -Isolations (LRB, Damper)
① Elastomeric Pads, isolations① Elastomeric Pads, isolations
1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges
- Shear Key - Shear Key
② Bearing Retrofit② Bearing Retrofit
1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges
- Steel Jacketing - Fiber wrapping - Steel Jacketing - Fiber wrapping
③ Column Retrofit③ Column Retrofit
1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges
Man-Made Disasters - Disasters caused by human activities (Fires, collapses, explosions, traffic accidents, environmental pollution, chemical/biological/radiological incidents, etc.)
Natural Disasters - Disasters caused by natural phenomena (Typhoons, floods, heavy rainfalls, storms, tidal waves, heavy snowfalls, droughts, earthquakes, sand dust clouds, red tides, etc.)
Infrastrucutral Disasters - Disasters caused by paralysis of key infrastructures (Energy, communication, transportation, finance, medical, water, etc.) - Propagation of infectious diseases, etc.
Man-Made Disasters - Disasters caused by human activities (Fires, collapses, explosions, traffic accidents, environmental pollution, chemical/biological/radiological incidents, etc.)
Natural Disasters - Disasters caused by natural phenomena (Typhoons, floods, heavy rainfalls, storms, tidal waves, heavy snowfalls, droughts, earthquakes, sand dust clouds, red tides, etc.)
Infrastrucutral Disasters - Disasters caused by paralysis of key infrastructures (Energy, communication, transportation, finance, medical, water, etc.) - Propagation of infectious diseases, etc.
1) General Classification of Disasters1) General Classification of Disasters
2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System
Central Safety Management Committee
(Chair: Prime Minister)Adjustments Committee
(Minister of MOGAHA)
Central Emergency Rescue and Control Center
(NEMA)
Central Incident Management Headquarters
(MOFAT)
※ Strengthening cooperation with related Ministries
Emergency Rescue and Control Centers (cities,
provinces)
Emergency Rescue and Control Centers
(cities,countries, districts)
2) Disaster Response Organization2) Disaster Response Organization
Central Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters
(MOGAHA)
Overseas Disaster Response & Support Center
Central Incident Management Center
Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters
(cities, provinces)
Local Safety Management Committees (cities, counties, districts)
Local Safety Management Committees (cities,
provinces)
• MOFAT : Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade • MOGAHA : Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs• NEMA : National Emergency Management Agency
Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters
(cities, counties, districts)
2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System
Disaster Occurrence
City/County/DistrictCountermeasures Headquarters
City/ProvinceCountermeasures Headquarters
Central CountermeasuresHeadquarters
Damage Assessment
Confirmation of Recovery Plan
Notification of Confirmed Recovery Planand Request for Budget
Budget Compilation(Local Government)
Execution of Recovery Plan
Establishing Recovery Plan
Preliminary Actions (Evacuation, etc.) Response Action (Rescuing and assisting victims, providing emergency medical services, preventing epidemics, etc.) Disaster Status Report
Aggregate damages of affected areas Support emergency rescue activities
Supervise nationwide disaster statuses Support emergency rescue activities Aggregating damage assessments Formulating countermeasures
Regulations on Distribution of Disaster & Recovery Costs
Approval of President
Deliberation of the Cabinet Council
Dispatching Central Investigation Team (Large Damaged Areas or Structures) Estimating Damages by Local Government (Small Damaged Areas or Structures)
Related Ministries and Offices
Preliminary consultations with Ministry of Planning and Budget
BudgetAllocation
Establishing the Recovery Budget Plan(Ministry of Planning and Budget)
3) Damage Assessment & Recovery Planning Flowchart3) Damage Assessment & Recovery Planning Flowchart
2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System
Assistant Minister in Charge
Minister
Vice MinsterAssistant Minister
RoadResponse
Team
RiverResponse
Team
EarthquakeResponse
Team
Surface Transportatio
n Team
Building & Housing
Team
Air Transportati
on Team
Responsible divisions under each Responsible divisions under each teamteam
Road : Road Environment Division (floods)
River : Rivers : River Management Division Dam, Metropolitan & Industrial Water Supply : Water Resources Development Division
Earthquake : Safety Policy Division
Road : Road Environment Division (floods)
River : Rivers : River Management Division Dam, Metropolitan & Industrial Water Supply : Water Resources Development Division
Earthquake : Safety Policy Division
Surface Transportation : Transportation Policy Division Railroads : Railroad Policy Division Subways : Urban Railroad Division Express Buses : Transportation Industry Policy Div.
Building & Housing : Housing Welfare Division
Air Transportation : Air Transport Policy Division
Surface Transportation : Transportation Policy Division Railroads : Railroad Policy Division Subways : Urban Railroad Division Express Buses : Transportation Industry Policy Div.
Building & Housing : Housing Welfare Division
Air Transportation : Air Transport Policy Division
4) Disaster Response System at MOCT4) Disaster Response System at MOCT
2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System
IncidentOccurrence
ReceiptReceipt RecoveryRecoveryReportingReporting
Road Patrol
Field Investigation
DamageScale
No action taken
Highway Maintenance Service
Serious
Local Police Station
Request traffic control
Formulate Recovery Plan
Highway Maintenance Service
Light No
Yes
Highway Maintenance Service
Regional ConstructionManagement Office
Local Government
MOGAHA
Central Disaster Prevention &Countermeasures Headquarter
2nd Field Investigation(Request necessary equipment and manpower
MOCT
Road Environment Div.
5) Flowchart of disaster response system for road damages5) Flowchart of disaster response system for road damages
Damage status reported
Damage status reported
Incident called in
TemporaryRecovery?
2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System
Recommendations for reducing damages - Carry out strict inspection and maintenance of vulnerable areas in advance - Establish prompt response system by conducting disaster drills, etc. - Reinforce/improve design standards so that roads can better withstand disasters
Build support system using resources of unaffected nearby areas - Establish a mutual assistance system for neighboring areas to enable unaffected areas to promptly come to the rescue and assistance of damaged areas using their resources such as emergency equipment and human resources
Plan in advance for detour routes to ensure access to and from areas struck by disasters
Recommendations for reducing damages - Carry out strict inspection and maintenance of vulnerable areas in advance - Establish prompt response system by conducting disaster drills, etc. - Reinforce/improve design standards so that roads can better withstand disasters
Build support system using resources of unaffected nearby areas - Establish a mutual assistance system for neighboring areas to enable unaffected areas to promptly come to the rescue and assistance of damaged areas using their resources such as emergency equipment and human resources
Plan in advance for detour routes to ensure access to and from areas struck by disasters
6) Damage Reduction Strategies6) Damage Reduction Strategies
2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System
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