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Research into this remarkable mineralcontinues in the 21st century. Scientistscontinue to investigate mode o actionand the eects o dierent uorideormulations are constantly beingexplored. Read on or a summary o recentdata comparing the release o uoriderom dierent sources and advances in
uoride uptake rom dentirices.
Scs f d n
dntfcsThere are our sources o uoride used indentirices, which include:
sodium uoride (NaF)
sodium monouorophosphate (MFP)
stannous uoride (SnF2)
amine uoride (AmF).
Dierent uoride sources, pH andthe choice o other ingredients in theormulation can aect uoride delivery and not all uoride dentirices are equallyeective, even i they contain equivalentconcentrations o uoride.
Although SnF2
and AmF are used indentirices, the majority o ormulationsuse either NaF or MFP as uoride sources.Comparing these two, BowensJournal ofthe Royal Society of Medicine paper (1995)has indicated that uoride ions are reelyavailable in NaF; however, MFP needs tobe broken down by salivary phosphatasesin order to release uoride.
Dffncs n d ptakWhile there have been numerous studiesto compare anti-caries eects betweenthe two most common sources o uoride
in dentirices NaF and MFP there issome debate regarding their respectivemechanisms o anti-caries action.
Two recent GSK caries model studiesdemonstrate that NaF provides greaterremineralization and increased uorideuptake than MFP. The studies compareda) changes in surace microhardnessand uoride uptake using a 20-day invitro caries cycling model and b) theremineralization potential and uorideuptake o NaF and MFP dentirices usingan in situ caries model.
Science focuS on...
The anti-caries eect o
fuoride is well established
and it has been used as an
ingredient in dentirices or
decades. Extensive studies
have demonstrated the main
eects o fuoride are to
promote remineralization
o early caries and prevent
demineralization.
FluoriDe
Two recent GSK caries model
studies demonstrate that NaF provides
greater remineralization and increased
fuoride uptake than MFP
Amine fluoride
N+ N+
OO
O
F- F-
Sodium fluoride
Na
F
Stannous fluoride
F F
Sn
Sodiummonofluorophosphate
Na+
Na+
O-
FP
O-
O
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Sra mrhardss
hags ad rd ptak
wth naf ad MfP a vtr
ars ylg mdl
This study, published in Caries Research,
was undertaken by Newby et al (2007)with the objectives o determining therelative efcacies o marketeddentirices to:
promote enamel uoride uptake
promote lesion remineralization
diminish subsequent demineralizationunder dynamic conditions simulating invivo caries ormation.
The study compared MFP-containing
dentirices with dierent ormulationso NaF-containing pastes, includingAquaresh Advanced (NaF in silica base A,1100ppm uoride) and an experimentalGSK ormulation (NaF in silica base B,1100ppm uoride).
Artifcial lesions were ormed in humanenamel specimens and subjected to a daily
cycling regimen. Surace microhardnesswas measured at baseline, 10 and 20 days.Fluoride uptake in the enamel specimenswas measured at 20 days using themicrodrill technique.
Ater 20 days o treatment signifcantlygreater surace microhardness wasobserved with Aquaresh Advancedthan with both MFP pastes and theother NaF paste, as a result o improvedremineralization and increased uorideuptake (fgure 1).
This study by Newby demonstrates thatdentirices with similar available uorideand the same uoride source can beormulated to provide increased enamel
hardness and uoride uptake. This wasdemonstrated by the act that AquareshAdvanced (NaF in silica base A, 1100ppmuoride) was associated with greatersurace microhardness and uoride uptakeater 20 days o treatment (p
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