Download - SCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003KARI LAUTSO / LT CONSULTANTS SCATTER SPRAWLING CITIES AND TRANSPORT: FROM EVALUATION TO RECOMMENDATIONS SCATTER WORKSHOP MILAN,

SCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003 D G R esearc hKARI LAUTSO / LT CONSULTANTS

SCATTERSPRAWLING CITIES AND TRANSPORT:

FROM EVALUATION TO RECOMMENDATIONS

SCATTER WORKSHOP

MILAN, OCTOBER 24th, 2003

Kari Lautso:

Testing selected solutions to control urban sprawl

-Case Helsinki


G lobal c lim ate change A ir Pollu tion Consum ption of natural sources Environm ental quality

Base Local po lic ies C ar operating costs O ther car pric ing Parking PT fareN etwork speed

PT speed Land U se C om binations

716 715 +

521 P

T orie

nted la

nd use

000 Base 2

001

000 Base 2

011

000 Base 2

021

111 D

elay road, a

dv. ra

il inv.

5 years

112 Dealy

a ll inv.

5 years

113 D

o noth

ing

114 D

evelop orb

ital P

T

116 N

ew railw

ay Lohja

120 De lay P

T adv.

road in

v. 5 years

211 C

ar cost +

25%

212 Car c

ost +50 %

214 Car c

ost +75 %

213 Car c

ost +100 %

216 Car c

ost +150%

218 Car c

ost +200%

231 Cord

on pric

ing 0.8

5€

232 Cord

on pric

ing 2,5

€

233 Cord

. pric

. 1,7

€ orb

ital, 0

,85€ra

dia l

117 C

ongest. pric

ing 3/7

/10 cent/k

m

121 Pric

ing of lo

ng work

trips

221 Park

ing +0,8

5/0,4

2 €

222 Park

ing +2.5

/1.3

€

311 Speed -

10%, a

ll netw

ork

321 Speed -2

0%, s

econdary n

etwork

411 PT speed/serv

ice +10 %

412 PT speed/serv

ice +5%

118 PT fa

re +

20%

119 P

T fare

-20 %

122 PT fa

re -4

0%

123 PT fa

re -6

0%

124 PT fa

re -8

0%

125 PT fa

re -1

00%

511 C

ity core

add itio

na l housing

521 PT o

rien te

d land u

se

531 Restri

ct non-m

etropo lita

n housing

541 Restri

ct rura

l housing

611 C

ar +75%

& p

arking +

2,5/1

,3€

612 PT -5

0% &

PT speed +

5%

613 Long w

ork tr

ips& restr.

rura

l hous.

614 611

+612

615 611 +

612 +613

711 Car +

75 %, P

T fare

-50 %

712 711

+ P

T speed +5 %

713 712 +

PT o

rien te

d land u

se

714 PT speed +

5% &

PT fa

re -2

0%

715 714 +

117 congest.

pricing

718 717 +

521 P

T orie

nted la

nd use

717 714 +

214 car c

ost 75 %

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

Health Equity O pportunity Accessib ility

F ig u re 6 .3 H e ls in k i p o licy co m p a riso n s713 C om m on po lic ies for a ll case c ities

Policy selection


Scenarios tested

1. Reference scenario: Includes PT and road investments as defined in the transportation master plan

2. Do nothing: No investments at all

3. PT policies: Increase speed/service by 5%, reduce fare by 20%

4. Car pricing: Increase car operating cost by 75%

5. Land use: PT oriented land use

Combinations: 3+4, 3+4+5


The Helsinki model external zoning system

The Helsinki Metropolitan area zoning system

The model area


Projects included in the reference solution


Example of impacts: Noise Level Differences

SCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003 D G R esearc hKARI LAUTSO / LT CONSULTANTSLand use changes in the Do - nothing -

scenario

0 20 40

kilometres

Absolute changeEM113

5000 ...

2500 ... 5000500 ... 2500

-2500 ... -500-5000 ... -2500

... -5000

Relative change (%)EM113

5 ...2,5 ... 50,5 ... 2,5

-0,5 ... 0,5-2,5 ... -0,5-5 ... -2,5... -5

0 20 40

kilometres

Absolute changePP113

5000 ...

2500 ... 5000500 ... 2500

-2500 ... -500-5000 ... -2500

... -5000

Relative change (%)PP113

5 ...2,5 ... 50,5 ... 2,5

-0,5 ... 0,5-2,5 ... -0,5-5 ... -2,5... -5

Housing Employment

SCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003 D G R esearc hKARI LAUTSO / LT CONSULTANTSLand use changes in the car pricing policy

(+75%)

0 20 40

kilometres

0 5 10

kilometres


5000 ...

2500 ... 5000500 ... 2500

-2500 ... -500-5000 ... -2500

... -5000

Relative changePP214

5 ...2,5 ... 50,5 ... 2,5

-0,5 ... 0,5-2,5 ... -0,5-5 ... -2,5... -5

0 20 40

kilometres

0 5 10

kilometres


5000 ...

2500 ... 5000500 ... 2500

-2500 ... -500-5000 ... -2500

... -5000


5 ...2,5 ... 50,5 ... 2,5

-0,5 ... 0,5-2,5 ... -0,5-5 ... -2,5... -5

Housing Employment


Land use changes in the PT policy

0 20 40

kilometres


5000 ...

2500 ... 5000500 ... 2500

-2500 ... -500-5000 ... -2500

... -5000


5 ...2,5 ... 50,5 ... 2,5

-0,5 ... 0,5-2,5 ... -0,5-5 ... -2,5... -5

0 20 40

kilometres


5000 ...

2500 ... 5000500 ... 2500

-2500 ... -500-5000 ... -2500

... -5000


5 ...2,5 ... 50,5 ... 2,5

-0,5 ... 0,5-2,5 ... -0,5-5 ... -2,5... -5

Housing Employment


Land use changes in the combined PT and car pricing policy

0 20 40

kilometres


5000 ...

2500 ... 5000500 ... 2500

-2500 ... -500-5000 ... -2500

... -5000


5 ...2,5 ... 50,5 ... 2,5

-0,5 ... 0,5-2,5 ... -0,5-5 ... -2,5... -5

0 20 40

kilometres


5000 ...

2500 ... 5000500 ... 2500

-2500 ... -500-5000 ... -2500

... -5000


5 ...2,5 ... 50,5 ... 2,5

-0,5 ... 0,5-2,5 ... -0,5-5 ... -2,5... -5

Housing Employment


CO2

-16 ,0 %

-12 ,0 %

-8 ,0 %

-4 ,0 %

0 ,0 %

2 ,0 %

1 2 3 4 5 6

Car m ile age

-2 5,0 %

-2 0 ,0 %

-15,0 %

-10 ,0 %

-5,0 %

0 ,0 %

5,0 %

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Do Nothing

2 P T oriented land us e

3 Car c os t + 75 %

4 P T s peed + 5% , fare -20%

5 Com bination 3 and 4

6 Com bination 2, 3 and 4

M odal s har e - PT

-5,0 %

0 ,0 %

5,0 %

10 ,0 %

15,0 %

2 0 ,0 %

2 5,0 %

1 2 3 4 5 6

Inh ab itan ts in ur banz one s

-1,5%

-1,0 %

-0 ,5%

0 ,0 %

0 ,5%

1,0 %

1,5%

1 2 3 4 5 6

M odal s hare - car

-16 ,0 %

-12 ,0 %

-8 ,0 %

-4 ,0 %

0 ,0 %

2 ,0 %

1 2 3 4 5 6

Em ploye e s in ur banz one s

-0 ,1%

0 ,0 %

0 ,1%

0 ,2 %

0 ,3 %

0 ,4 %

0 ,5%

0 ,6 %

1 2 3 4 5 6

Ave r age tr ave l tim e

-5,0 %

-4 ,0 %

-3 ,0 %

-2 ,0 %

-1,0 %

0 ,0 %

1,0 %

2 ,0 %

1 2 3 4 5 6

Urban sprawl assessment


0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

SH

SE

SO

SA

- 500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

EG

EA

EQ

EQ

1B S- 0 1

2B S- 2 1

3 4 5 6 1B S- 0 1

2B S- 2 1

3 4 5 6 1B S- 0 1

2B S- 2 1

3 4 5 66 2, 3

Sustainability evaluationEnvironmental

Social Economic


ConclusionsCar pricing policies are efficient

instruments in fighting urban sprawl

PT policies may contribute to urban sprawlThe combination of the above policies

has positive sustainability effects while maintaining city sprawl at a reasonable level

The positive effects could be further improved by supporting the above combination with a land use policy


Conclusion for further research

Introduction of an overall urban sprawl indicatorIntroduction of more efficient land use policiesIntroduction of a land pricing instrument that takes into account the external costs of land developmentApproaching the optimum combination of car, PT and land pricing policies