A Student Satellite Initiative
Indian Institute of Technology
Project Presentation 2011
Central Lecture Theatre
IIT Madras
31st Aug 2011
sat
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Student initiative
Design & build a Nano-satellite
6 faculty coordinators from 5 different departments
25 students
Active for the past 1.5 years
₹ 65 lakh commitment from the institute
Starting work on the development model
Introduction
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Part 1: Mission The goals and objectives
Part 2: Phenomenon The phenomenon we propose to study
Part 4: Project Status & Plan The status of the project and timeline & how you can contribute.
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Part 3: Satellite System The subsystems and work involved
Mission The goals and objectives
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Mission Objectives
1. Make and test the payload instrument (particle detector) on ground 1. Make and test the payload instrument (particle detector) on ground
2. Build and test a satellite 2. Build and test a satellite
3. Launch the satellite and confirm operations 3. Launch the satellite and confirm operations
4. Characterize the link between energetic particle precipitation and seismic activity 4. Characterize the link between energetic particle precipitation and seismic activity
Build a small satellite and use it for a socially relevant scientific experiment.
Build a small satellite and use it for a socially relevant scientific experiment. 5
A Scientific Quest
Observations made by
• SAMPEX (NASA, USA)
• DEMETER (CNES, France)
Observations made by
• SAMPEX (NASA, USA)
• DEMETER (CNES, France)
suggests suggests
Correlation between Earthquakes and Energetic
Particle Precipitation in upper ionosphere
Correlation between Earthquakes and Energetic
Particle Precipitation in upper ionosphere
What researchers have found: What researchers have found:
• There is a correlation
• Earthquakes M>5.0
• High energy particle bursts
• 2-3 hours before the earthquakes
What we want to do: What we want to do:
• A scientific mission
• Verify correlation between earthquakes & particle bursts w.r.t.
• Magnitude
• Time
• Location (V. Sgrigna, 2005)
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Mission concept • One satellite
• One ground-station
• Store data on satellite • Downlink to the ground station
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Application
As a component in global earthquake warning systems in the future
Advantages of this particular phenomenon:
• Global scale • does not have to be above the epicenter
• Short term precursor
• happens a few hours before the earthquake
Only satellites can be used to study this phenomenon.
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Phenomenon The phenomenon we propose
to study
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1. Pressure build up
2. ULF/ELF waves generated
3. Propagation of waves
4. Interaction with Inner-
Van Allen belt
5. Precipitation of charged particles
1000 km Inner- Van Allen
belt lower boundary
500 km Ionosphere
References: Sgrigna, V. (2005). Alexandrin, S. (2009).
1. Pressure build up 1. Pressure build up 2. ULF/ELF
waves generation
2. ULF/ELF waves
generation
3. Propagation of waves
3. Propagation of waves
4. Interaction with Inner Van
Allen belt
4. Interaction with Inner Van
Allen belt
5. Precipitation of charged particles
5. Precipitation of charged particles
Overview
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http://www.tethers.com/WebImages/RadiationTrapping.jpg, 08 Aug 2011, 19:00 Hrs http://www.spacerad.com/modules/m226.html , 08 Aug 2011, 19:00 Hrs
3 kinds of particle motion Gyration Bounce Longitudinal Drift
Concept of Mirror Points
Concept of Pitch angle
Particle velocity vector
Trapped Particle Motion
𝑣⊥
𝑣∥
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Ionospheric capture region (300 km - 500 km)
Inner Van- Allen Belt Boundary (1000 km)
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Pressure build-up
Capture region
300km - 500km
1000 km
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Lowering of mirror points
300km - 500km
1000 km
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Satellite System The requirements and configuration of
the satellite
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Payload Schematic
HEPD is designed to measure protons and electrons of high (often relativistic) energies and directional particle flux.
HEPD is designed to measure protons and electrons of high (often relativistic) energies and directional particle flux.
Payload Specifications
Dimensions 34 x 34 x 90 mm3
Mass < 1.5 kg
Average power
consumption < 1.5 W
Energy range Protons : 10 to 100 MeV
Electrons : 1 to 15 MeV
High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) 43
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Attitude Determination and Control System
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Tasks Sensor: Testing Actuator: Fabrication and Testing Control System Design Software Development:
Sensor Processing Algorithms (Extended Kalman Filter…) Control Laws (PID…) Fault Detection algorithms (Compensation for sensor failure )
OILS and HILS
Sensors: Actuators:
Communication Subsystem
Tasks
RF circuit design
Receiver
High Speed (HS) Transmitter
Beacon Transmitter
Implementation of Data Link Layer Protocol
Error Correction Coding (Convolutional)
Antenna Design, fabrication and Testing
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Ground Station Receiver and FSK Demodulator of iitmsat pre-engineering model
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Ground station overview Tasks
Ground Station Architecture Design
Satellite Tracking Mechanism
Ground station hardware procurement
Real Time Software for Data handling
Ground Station
Ref. Swiss cube - EPFL
Electrical Power System
EPS architecture Overview
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Tasks 1. Solar Cell: Modeling and Hardware
simulation 2. Battery: Selection, modeling and testing 3. Power Transfer: Peak power Tracker/ Direct
Energy Transfer 4. Circuit Design: Power Electronics 5. Electronics Reliability Analysis and
Redundancy design
Ref. Swiss cube - EPFL
Structure: Modified GNB Architecture
Tasks:
Vibration Analysis: FEA
Design for X
Wire Cabling
Materials and Fasteners selection
Fabrication
Environmental Testing
(PSLV Launch Environment)
References: http://events.eoportal.org
GNB internal architecture
iitmsat proposed structure
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Thermal Control System
Tasks:
Surface thermal properties Tests Contact Resistance Measurements Finite Element Analysis Thermal Sensors calibration and mounting Bake out Testing Thermal
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Preliminary Thermal simulation in ANYSYS
Command and Data Management System
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Command and Data Management System
Tasks: 1. Data Compression and
Management 2. Clock Synchronization 3. Networking of microcontrollers 4. Satellite Boot Sequence 5. Command Handling 6. RTOS (Real Time Operating
System) implementation on ARM7 and MSP 430 microcontrollers
IITMSAT CDMS board made as a part of pre-engineering model
System Engineering
Tasks:
Mission Operations Level of Autonomy System Design Budgets Model Philosophy Verification Plan
System Engineering
ADCS
CDMS
Power
COM
Ground Station
Structure
Thermal
Payload
Satellite Configuration
Specifications Value
Mass 10 kg (10% margin)
Size 20 x 20 x 24 cm
Orbit average power generation
5.77 W (worst case)
Power consumption 5.70 W (17% margin)
Data rate (Downlink) 115 kilobits/sec
Telecommunication frequency
HS Downlink: 2.4 GHz
Beacon: 435 MHz
Uplink: 145 MHz
Launch adapter IBL 230
Attitude stabilization type
3- axes stabilized
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Proposed configuration of iitmsat
Project Status & Timeline
The status of the project and timeline
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Timeline Overview and Model Philosophy
Conceptual Design
Development Model
Integrated Model;
Structural model
Qualification Model; Flight
model
Launch
2011 2012 2013
Reviews: 1. System Requirements Review 2. Preliminary Design Review 3. Critical Design Review 4. Qualification Review
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Cost Budget: 3 Crore INR
Team
System Engineering
ADCS
CDMS
EPS
COM
Ground Station
Structure
Thermal
Payload Team Strength: 25
Batch No.
B. Tech II Yr 12
B. Tech III Yr 5
B. Tech IV Yr 5
Dual V Yr 2
MS 1
Total 25
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Visit to TIFR, PRL, IIG
• 4 Projects
• Payload Instrumentation
Pre-Engineering Model
• Attitude Control Test Set-up
• Communication Receiver
• Power Distribution Board
• On-board computing system
Work in ISAC • Particle Detector
Design
• Hands-on experience with detectors
• Working on data from RADOM in Chandrayaan -1
Proposal to SSG, ISRO
• Zeroth Level Design
• Zeroth Level requirement definition
Conceptual Design
• Refining conceptual design
• Refining of requirements
• Refining project plan and timeline
Progress
Dec ‘09 Jan ‘10 May ‘10 Oct‘10 Feb‘11
Modification in the casing of CZT in TIFR
Pre-amplifier output (Cyan)
and Final Post-amplifier output
(Magenta) of the HEX front-
end electronics.
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Proposal to IITM
• Meeting with the Director
• 6 Faculty Coordinators
Funding for Phase A
• ₹ 65 lakh
Work in IIST, Trivandrum
• Calibration of NaI Scintillator Detector
• Validation of our simulations
Thermal Systems Work in ISAC
• Preliminary design of the thermal subsystem
• Simulations
Presentation to ISAC Director
• Project was deemed technically feasible
• Green Signal
Apr ‘11 May ‘11 June ‘11 July ‘11 Aug ‘11
Recent Progress
Project packages Technical projects
With detailed objectives, requirements, timeline and deliverables
≈29 Project Packages from different subsystems (about 60 new team members)
Put up in our website http://iitmsat.iitm.ac.in/
All students can apply
(last date 10th September 2011)
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Project Packages How can you contribute?
Example project package 2 to 3 working members
Short term commitment (3-6 months)
Periodic internal and faculty reviews
Credit
Can continue in the satellite project after completion
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Our experiences in this project.
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