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Sander Aquarium Systems

Protein Skimmers

Helgoland

Fresh-Skim

For more than 50 years, Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau GmbH has been

developing and producing innovative products for the water treatment in

seawater aquaria.

Founded in 1961 by Erwin Sander, the company initially developed and produced

small ozone generators for water treatment in seawater aquaria. In the following

years, looking for an efficient reactor to introduce ozone into the system, Erwin

Sander developed and constructed his first protein skimmer.

In 1971, the company won a contract to redesign the aquarium of the Institute for

Marine Science in Kiel: two recirculation systems of 40 m3 each were equipped

with protein skimmers and ozone technology. This event was a milestone in the

company’s history: the transition from serving the hobby aquarist to working for

public and show aquaria as well, with water volumes of several cubic meters.

Expanding towards bigger and more complex water treatment systems for public

show aquaria in the 80s and 90s opened a world-wide market for Sander.

In 2000, the production of skimmers for freshwater aquaria began, and ozone

treatment of pond installations was expanded.

Sander means:2

In 2009, facing world-wide demand in energy savings and higher efficiency in

order to reduce production and running costs, Sander developed a new generation

of protein skimmers: the Helgoland LE range. LE is short for Low Energy – these

skimmers feature an integrated system for the production and blending-in of

bubbles that offers increased efficiency and reduced power consumption.

Today, Sander’s skimmers are in use in domestic environments as well as in large

and public show aquaria all over the world. In recent years, development efforts

have resulted in skimmers of various sizes and enclosure materials.

Many applications benefit from sophisticated water treatment using Sander’s

advanced skimmers – including fish farming and pisciculture systems,

transportation of fish on wellboats, aquaculture, and scientific research.

50+ Years of Aquarium Systems3

Working principle of Sander’s protein skimmers

Sander’s skimmers use very fine air bubbles as the central filtration element. An active

zone builds up on the bubble surface, to which protein compounds adhere very easily

due to their molecular structure. These form two molecular »ends« – a hydrophobic moiety

which attaches to the bubble surface, and a hydrophilic moiety which reaches into the

surrounding body of water. Various pollutants, in turn, accumulate around the hydrophilic

part – in particular, organic materials such as bacteria , viruses and other pollutant

particles .

A conglomerate of air bubble, protein molecules and pollutants forms and floats to the

water surface due to the bubble’s buoyant force. The protein compounds’ surface activity

causes a firm foam structure to build up, enclosing the pollutants. This foam is discharged

via the foam tube. In this way, pollutants are removed not only from the aquarium, but

completely from the water cycle.

In this way, the protein skimmer opens a »window« in the cycle of materials. This fact

distinguishes the protein skimmer substantially from any other mechanical filter.

Left: Air bubbles, protein

compounds and pollutants –

including bacteria and viruses.

Center: Protein compounds attach

to the air bubbles.

Right: Pollutants attach to the

protein compounds and form a

conglomerate.

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

34

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

4

Substances that may be removed from the water using protein skimming:

· Protein compounds

· Various organic compounds

· Reduction of bod and cod (biological and chemical oxygen demand) –

cod in the foam is concentrated by a factor of about 100

· Precursors of the toxins, ammonium and nitrite

· Fine suspended solids

· Residual feed and feces

· Bacterial biomass and microalgae

· metabolic products from the biofilter

Sander protein skimmers are ideal reaction vessels for the application of ozone. All

Sander protein skimmers are equipped with an ozone inlet. The use of ozone supports and

enhances the effiency of the skimming process and offers valuable benefits – including

oxidation of nitrite, degermination and formation of stable foam.

The beaker on the left contains

clear water from the aquarium

(the so-called process water).

On the right, the beaker is filled

with water from the foam head.

5

Gas balance

Sander protein skimmers effectively enhance the cycle of gases in the water. Animals

breathe oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This reduces the water’s pH. In the skimmer,

carbon dioxide is largely blown out, and oxygen is re-introduced. The water from the

skimmer’s outlet is constantly slightly oversaturated with oxygen.

Interaction with other filter elements

Sander protein skimmers

· substantially enhance the efficacy of biofilters,

· remove metabolic products from biofilters,

· are ideally suited for the application of ozone,

· lengthen the intervals between backwash procedures for sand filters,

· are optimal for safely recycling outlet water from anaerobic biology (denitrification),

· increase the amount of light incidence throughout the entire spectrum.

Highest efficiency

Sander protein skimmers operate at the highest level of efficiency.

The image above shows an example filter set-up (3D rendering) from an aquaculture

facility.

6

Aquarium hobbyists, specialist retailers, large show aquaria, research and

development, as well as fish farms and aquaculture systems – many users and

applications benefit from clear water.

Sander protein skimmers are in use for a wide range of animals – including small, delicate

invertebrates (e. g. corals); shellfish (e. g. crabs); chondrichthyes (e. g. sharks and rays);

osteichthyes (e. g. wrasses and seahorses); penguins, as well as mammals (e. g. seals and

polar bears).

Marine aquaculture for food fish, and fish farms are other areas of application for which

Sander protein skimmers are ideal.

In fish hatcheries, Sander protein skimmers can provide the desired water quality for eggs,

larvae and fingerlings.

7

Parts of a Sander protein skimmer

The various components of a Sander skimmer are inspected and carefully assembled by

our expert staff , who pay great attention to detail. A standard Sander protein skimmer is

equipped with the parts shown here.

Water inlet

The water inlet is located at the top of the reaction

vessel. Water flows through the reaction vessel from

top to bottom.

Manhole for maintenance

Beginning with Helgoland model 1000, our skimmers

are equipped with a manhole. This provides easy

access to the reaction vessel for maintenance and

inspection work.

Standpipe

The standpipe displays the water level in the reaction

vessel. This standpipe is also used in skimmers with

automatic water level control (optional feature):

A pressure sensor measures the water level in the

skimmer and sends this information to the control

electronics. When the water level in the skimmer

becomes too high, the outlet valve is automatically

opened until the water has dropped to the correct

level. When the water level is too low, the outlet

valve is automatically closed until the default level

is reached. This ensures that the skimmer operates

steadily, even under diffi cult conditions such as

hydrodynamic fluctuations.

Drain valve

Using this valve, the skimmer can be completely

emptied of water easily, e. g. for maintenace.

Inner irrigator

A rotating system of nozzles inside the foam tube is

used to cleanse the tube, using pressurized water.

The edge of the foam tube is cleaned by a scrubber.

Foam head

The foam ejected from the foam tube is collected in

the foam head.

Inner irrigatorInner irrigator

A rotating system of nozzles inside the foam tube is

Foam head

The foam ejected from the foam tube is collected in

Water inlet

The water inlet is located at the top of the reaction

Standpipe

The standpipe displays the water level in the reaction

Manhole for maintenance

Beginning with Helgoland model 1000, our skimmers

Drain valve

Using this valve, the skimmer can be completely

8

Reaction vessel

For best results when making use of the counterflow

principle, reaction containers are adequately sized

to allow for a retention time of 1.5 to 2 minutes (in

normal operation).

Injection unit

The injection unit is made up of the feed water pump

and the injector.

The injector provides a vacuum that causes air to be

drawn into the water. The required amount of air may

be controlled and monitored using an air flow meter.

The injector is designed to ensure a steady stream of

fi ne air bubbles.

The feed water pumps are made from seawater-

resistant plastic.

Foam tube

Foam is transported and ejected through the foam

tube. The pollutant-rich foam is accumulated at the

top of the tube before it is ejected into the foam head.

Water outlet

All skimmers have an outlet that is located near the

ground. Designed as a standpipe with an air vent, this

type of outlet makes sure that the skimmer can never

run dry even when it is idle. Beginning with Helgoland

model 600, the outlet is equipped with a large valve

or shutter. On demand, the outlet pipe can be rested

on the ground using stainless steel threaded rods.

Outer irrigator

A separate system of nozzles can be activated to

clean the inside of the foam head and the outside of

the foam tube. This system is operated using fresh

water and can be controlled manually using a valve or

automatically using a timer switch.

Foam tubeFoam tube

Foam is transported and ejected through the foam Foam is transported and ejected through the foam

Outer irrigatorOuter irrigator

A separate system of nozzles can be activated to A separate system of nozzles can be activated to

Reaction vesselReaction vessel

For best results when making use of the counterflow For best results when making use of the counterflow

Water outletWater outlet

All skimmers have an outlet that is located near the All skimmers have an outlet that is located near the

resistant plastic.resistant plastic.

The The

drawn into the water. The required amount of air may drawn into the water. The required amount of air may

9

Acrylic glass

Our skimmers with a

diameter of 250 mm to

500 mm are made from

acrylic glass.

Materials

Sander protein skimmers are made from four diff erent choices of enclosure material –

whichever is best suited to size and site of application (indoor or outdoor).

Polypropylene (PP)

By default, skimmers

with a diameter of 600

mm and greater are made

from polypropylene. This

high-quality, seawater-

resistant material is ideal

for indoor applications.

Fresh-Skim 200 and

Helgoland 500·2100

Helgoland 1750·3000 and

Helgoland 1500·4000

10

Polyethylene (PE)

For outdoor applications,

skimmers of 600 mm

or greater diameter

can be manufactured

from polyethylene. This

high-quality material is

UV resistant as well as

seawater-resistant.

Steel

For applications that

must withstand extreme

conditions such as those on

wellboats, skimmers are

custom-made from steel.

Steel skimmers are provided

with a seawater-resistant

coating.

For applications that













Fresh-Skim 700·3000 and



11

3 1,20,37

BasicDesign

LE Design(Low Energy)

250

2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

300

500

600

700

850

1000

1200

1500

1750

2000

2500

3000

4 1,50,45

11 50,7

16 6,71,1

25 90,85

19,7 6,71,1

34 90,85

36 13,61,1

56,5 181,46

74 272,7

25,4 6,71,1

41,5 90,85

47 13,61,1

63 181,46

90 272,7

141 422,7

192 603,8

251 854,85

59 13,61,1

78 181,46

113 272,7

170 423,8

240 603,8

314 854,85

471 1207,6

678 18015

70 13,61,1

94 181,46

135 272,7

212 423,8

289 603,8

377 854,85

589 1207,6

848 18015

81,7 13,61,1

110 181,46

158 272,7

247 423,8

336 603,8

440 854,85

668 1207,6

989 18015

989 18015

Water flow rate (m3/h)(1.5 minutes retention time)

Air intake rate (m3/h)

Power consumption (kW)

989 (1.5 minutes retention time) 15

Power consumption

180 Air intake rate

Technical Specifi cations

Custom design

Our many years of experience allows us to off er expert custom solutions for the most

diverse applications, including systems for lower animals, facilities for sharks, as well as

setups for breeding food fi sh.

Each application requires a unique layout; each client has individual requirements. It is our

goal to fulfi l these requirements. Sander not only provides the skimmers, but also all the

accessory equipment, as well as engineering and project management tasks.

Design height (mm)Diameter(mm)

3 1,2250 0,37

4 1,50,45

11 50,7

16 6,7 19,7 6,7 25,4 6,71,1

25 9

1,1

34 9

1,1

41,5 90,85 0,85

36 13,6

0,85

47 13,6 59 13,6 70 13,6 81,7 13,61,1

56,5 18

1,1

63 18

1,1

78 18

1,1

94 18

1,1

110 181,46

74 27

1,46

90 27

1,46

113 27

1,46

135 27

1,46

158 272,7

247 42

2,7

212 42

2,7

170 42

2,7

141 42

2,7

3,8

336 60

3,8

289 60

3,8

240 60

2,7

192 603,8

440 85

3,8

377 85

3,8

314 85

3,8

251 854,85

668 120

4,85

589 120

4,85

471 120

4,85

7,6

989 180

7,6

848 180

7,6

678 180

3

4

11

16

25

Diameter

3

4

11

16

25

19,7

34

36

56,5

74

19,7

34

36

56,5

74

25,4

41,5

47

63

90

25,4

41,5

47

63

90

141

192

251

141

192

251

59

78

113

59

78

113

170

240

314

471

170

240

314

471

678 678

70

94

135

70

94

135

212

289

377

589

212

289

377

589

848 848

81,7

110

158

81,7

110

158

247

336

440

668

247

336

440

668

989 989

Technical details are subject to modifi cations and amendments.

12

Helgoland 1500·4000Helgoland 1500·3500

Fresh-Skim 700·3000


Fresh-Skim 200

Helgoland 1000·3500 Helgoland 1000·4500

Helgoland 2500·3500 Helgoland 2500·4200Helgoland 2500·4200



Helgoland 1500·4000Helgoland 1000·3500 Helgoland 1500·3500

Overview of skimmer models

The fi rst number in the model names denotes the diameter, the

second number stands for the design height of the skimmer

(values in millimeters).


Helgoland 600·2500

Helgoland 250·2050

Helgoland 500·2100



Helgoland 2000·4500Helgoland 1750·3000 Helgoland 2000·4000

HelgolandHelgoland Helgoland


Helgoland 850·3000

Size comparison of Sander protein skimmers












Helgoland 600·2500

Helgoland 250·2050

Fresh-Skim 200

Helgoland 500·2010


Choosing your setup

Helgoland series · Ozonizers

Fresh-Skim series · Ozonizers

9

20

12

50

33

100

48 60

76

200

123

405

170

224

340

76

102

356

143

524

189

271

424

577

754

125

177

236

340

520

722

942

1413

2035

211

283

407

636

866

1130

1767

2545

245

330

475

742

1010

1319

2002

2969

*1

*1

**2

**2

5

5

5 10

10

10

10

20

10

12

20

10

10

20

10

30

10

16

30

30

40

10

10

12

20

30

40

60

80

120

12

16

20

40

60

60

100

150

12

20

30

40

60

80

100

150

250

200

2000

Design height (mm)

Design height (mm)

Diameter(mm)

Diameter(mm)

2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

300

300

500

500

600

700

700

850

850

1000

1200

1500

1750

2000

2500

3000

What does my aquarium need?

This sizing table provides a guide for chosing the ideal skimmer model and matching

ozonizer. All of the suggested ozonizers are from Sander’s Multizon range, except

for the setups marked with an asterisk (*).

This information is subject to change; we can off er no warranties. Details may change depending on the type of

aquarium – this recommendation is for aquarium setups. For aquaculture systems and special applications (e. g.

wastewater), please contact us – we will be happy to off er our advice.

2969 150Aquarium Size (m3) Max. ozone production (g/h) of matching ozonizer29693)

12 **2300

9 *1250 9 *1250

12

33

**2300

500

12 **2300

33

48 60 7610 10

500

600

33500

48 60

76

76

102 125

10

10

10

10 10

600

700

48 60 7610 10600

76

123

102

143

125

177 211 245

10

10

10

10

10

10 12 12

700

850

76 102 12510 10 10700

123

170

143

189

177

236

211

283

245

330

10

10

10

10

10

12

12

16

12

20

850

1000

123 143 177 211 24510 10 10 12 12850

170

224

189

271

236

340

283

407

330

475

10

12

10

16

12

20

16

20

20

30

1000

1200

170 189 236 283 33010 10 12 16 201000

224

340

271

424

340

520

407

636

475

742

12

20

16

30

20

30

20

40

30

40

1200

1500

224 271 340 407 47512 16 20 20 301200

340 424

577

520

722

636

866

742

1010

20 30

30

30

40

40

60

40

60

1500

1750

340 424 520 636 74220 30 30 40 401500

577

754

722

942

866

1130

1010

1319

30

40

40

60

60

60

60

80

1750

2000

577 722 866 101030 40 60 601750

754 942

1413

1130

1767

1319

2002

40 60

80

60

100

80

100

2000

2500

754 942 1130 131940 60 60 802000

1413

2035

1767

2545

2002

2969

80

120

100

150

100

150

2500

3000

1413 1767 200280 100 1002500

2035 2545 2969120 150 1503000 2035 2545 2969120 150 1503000

150 Max. ozone production

20001800 2500 3000

20 *1200

50 **2300

20 *1200

50

100

**2300

500

50 **2300

100

200 35610 20

500

700

100500

356

524

20

30

356 20200

405

10

20

200 10700

850

700

405 52420 30850 524 30405 20850

Diameter

**2

*1*1

**2

5

**2

5

5

5

55 1010

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

12

10

12

20

12

2020

1010

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

16

10

16

30

16

30

30

30

30

40

30

4040

203520352035

1010

10

10

10

12

10

12

20

12

20

30

20

30

40

30

40

60

40

60

80

60

2545

80

120

80

2545120 2545120

1212

16

12

16

20

16

20

40

20

40

60

40

60

60

60

2002

60

100

60

2002

2969

100

150

2002100

2969150 2969150

Diameter

*1*1

**2**2

5

**2

55

1010

20

10

2020

Ozonizer models:

Sander Multizon, except:

* S 1000, ** P 2000

Ozonizer models:

Sander Multizon, except:

* S 1000, ** P 2000

14

A modern, well-working filtration system is a basic requirement for a healthy aquarium with

minimal water consumption. In many cases, however, filters alone are insufficient. Sander

has been developing and producing aquarium technology with the oxidizing gas, ozone, as

the central principle of action.

When correctly applied, ozone will:

· oxidize yellow substance to provide clear water

· reduce peak nitrite concentration

· diminish the emergence of germs

· oxidize substances which are not readily bio-degradable

· boost and stabilize the redox potential

· combat cloudy water

· reduce contamination with organic substances

Ozone is provided by Ozonizers. For large aquaria (water capacity over 20 m3), Sander

offers a variety of models in the Multizon series. These fully automatic ozonizers are built

to very demanding German standards (including din 19627 and certification by tüv, the

German Technical Control Board). Sander’s protein skimmers provide the ideal method for

the application of ozone in aquaria: a contact column (reactor). Ozone concentration is

controlled via the redox potential, for which we offer expert solutions as well.

The combination of skimmer and Multizon ozonizer requires additional accessories.

Please contact us for detailed information.

Your aquarium & Sander’s ozone technology

Sander ozonizer Multizon

15

Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau GmbH

Am Osterberg 22

31311 Uetze-Eltze

Germany

Phone +49 (51 73) 9 71-0

Fax +49 (51 73) 9 71-197

E-Mail [email protected]

Web www.aqua-sander.de

© 2012 Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau GmbH. Illustrations and 3D renderings (including title page): hokolo3d.de · Design: ngin.de Photo credits: PHotocASE — S. 2–3: derProjektor, S. 5: alicante, S. 7: obivan

For more information, expert advice and orders, please contact us at:

+49 (51 73) 97 10aqua-sander.de