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RIFA Insecticides and Other Organophosphates:
Use Pattern, Concentration and Toxicity in Runoff
Water, Source Identification, and Mitigation
Measures
March 1999-June 2000
Dave Kim, Johanna Walters, Kean S. Goh
Department of Pesticide Regulation
www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/rifa
September 21, 2000
Santa Ana RWQCB, Riverside
Outline
• Introduction• Monitoring
• Runoff
• Sources
• Mitigation
• Conclusions
The Insecticides: RIFA
• Bifenthrin (Talstar®)
• Chlorpyrifos (Dursban®)
• Fenoxycarb (Award®)
• Hydramethylnon (Amdro®)
• Pyriproxyfen (Distance®)
• Diazinon
Aquatic Toxicity (LC50 ppb)
1.141.8170Malathion
na400>325Pyriproxyfen
na1140160Hydramethylnon
na4001600Fenoxycarb
0.510.962600Diazinon
0.131.73Chlorpyrifos
na0.160.15Bifenthrin
C. dubiaD.
magna
R. TroutChemical
San Joaquin Marsh Preserve
Newport Bay Ecological Reserve
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Irrigation Runoff:base flow
el modeno gardens
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jun-
99
Sep-
99
Oct-
99
Dec-
99
Jan-
00
Feb-
00
Mar-
00
Apr-
00
May-
00
Jun-
00Month
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b )
bifenthrin
fenoxycarb
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
malathion
el modeno Gardens
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Jun-99Sep-99Oct-99 Dec-
99
Jan-00Feb-00 Mar-
00
Apr-00 May-
00
Jun-00
Month
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
M o r t a l i t y o f C .
d u b i a (
% )
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
fenoxycarb
bifenthrin
% mortality
Central Irvine/ Hines Channel
0
1
2
3
4
5
May-
99
Jun-
99
Sep-
99
Oct-
99
Dec-
99
Jan-
00
Feb-
00
Mar-
00
Apr-
00
May-
00
Jun-
00
Month
C o n c e n t r a t
i o n ( p p b ) bifenthrin
fenoxycarb
chlorpyrifos
diazinondimethoate
malathion
Central Irvine/ Hines Channel
0
1
2
3
4
5
May-
99
Jun-
99
Sep-
99
Oct-
99
Dec-
99
Jan-
00
Feb-
00
Mar-
00
Apr-
00
May-
00
Jun-
00
Month
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b )
0
10
20
30
4050
60
70
80
90
100
M o r t a l i t y o f C
. d u b i a (
% )
malathion
dimethoate
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
fenoxycarb
bifenthrin
% mortality
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Bordier's
0
1
2
3
4
5
Jun-
99
Sep-
99
Oct-
99
Dec-
99
Jan-
00
Feb-
00
Mar-
00
Apr-
00
May-
00
Jun-
00
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b )
bifenthrin
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
malathion
San Diego Creek
0
1
2
M a r
- 9 9
A p r
- 9 9
M a y
- 9 9
J u n - 9 9
S e p - 9 9
O c t
- 9 9
D e c
- 9 9
J a n - 0 0
F e b -
0 0
M a r
- 0 0
A p r
- 0 0
M a y
- 0 0
J u n - 0 0
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b ) chlorpyrifos
diazinon
dimethoate
malathion
San Diego Creek
0
1
2
M a r
- 9 9
A p r
- 9 9
M a y
- 9 9
J u n - 9 9
S e p - 9 9
O c t
- 9 9
D e c
- 9 9
J a n - 0 0
F e b -
0 0
M a r
- 0 0
A p r
- 0 0
M a y
- 0 0
J u n - 0 0
0102030405060708090100
M o r t a l i t y o f C .
d u b i a (
% )
malathion
dimethoate
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
% mortality
Bonita Creek
0
1
2
Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Mar-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00
C o n c e n t r a t
i o n
( p p b ) diazinon
malathion
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Bonita Creek
0
1
2
Sep-
99
Oct-
99
Dec-
99
Jan-
00
Feb-
00
Mar-
00
Apr-
00
May-
00
Jun-
00
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b )
0
10
20
30
40
50
6070
80
90
100
M o r t a l i t y o f C .
d u b i a
( % )
malathion
diazinon% mortality
Westcliff Park
0
1
2
3
Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00
C o n c e n t r a t i o n
( p p b )
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
malathion
Westcliff Park
0
1
2
3
Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
M o r t a l i t y o f C .
d u b i a (
% )
malathion
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
% mortality
East Garden Grove Channel
0
1
2
3
Jun-
99
Sep-
99
Oct-
99
Dec-
99
Jan-
00
Feb-
00
Mar-
00
Apr-
00
May-
00
Jun-
00
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b )
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
malathion
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East Garden Grove Channel
0
1
2
3
Jun-99 Se p-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Mar-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
M o r t a l i t y o f C .
d u b i a ( % )
malathion
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
% mortality
Bolsa Chica Channel
0
1
2
3
Apr-
99
May-
99
Jun-
99
Sep-
99
Oct-
99
Dec-
99
Jan-
00
Feb-
00
Mar-
00
Apr-
00
May-
00
Jun-
00
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b )
diazinon
dimethoate
malathion
Bolsa Chica Channel
0
1
2
3
A p r
- 9 9
M a y
- 9 9
J u
n - 9 9
S e
p - 9 9
O c t
- 9 9
D e c
- 9 9
J a n
- 0 0
F e
b - 0 0
M a r
- 0 0
A p r
- 0 0
M a y
- 0 0
J u
n - 0 0
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
M o r t a l i t y o f C .
d u b i a (
% )malathion
dimethoate
diazinon
%mortality
Arroyo T rabuco
0
1
2
M a r - 9 9
M a r - 9 9
A p r - 9 9
A p r - 9 9
A p r - 9 9
A p r - 9 9
M a y - 9 9
J u n
- 9 9
S e p - 9 9
O c t - 9 9
D e c - 9 9
J a n - 0 0
F e b - 0 0
M a r - 0 0
A p r - 0 0
M a y - 0 0
J u n - 0 0
C o n c e n t r a t i o n
( p p b )
bifenthrin
fenoxycarb
hydramethylnon
pyriproxyfen
chlorpyrifosdiazinon
malathion
Arroyo Trabuco
0
1
2
3
M a r - 9 9
M a r - 9 9
A p r - 9 9
A p r - 9 9
A p r - 9 9
A p r - 9 9
M a y - 9 9
J u n - 9 9
S e p - 9 9
O c t - 9 9
D e c - 9 9
J a n - 0 0
F e b
- 0 0
M a r - 0 0
A p r - 0 0
M a y - 0 0
J u n - 0 0
C o n c e n t r a
t i o n ( p p b )
0
10
20
30
4050
60
70
80
90
100
M o r t a l i t y o f C .
d u b i a (
% )
malathion
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
pyriproxyfen
hydramethylnon
fenoxycarb
bifenthrin
% mortality
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San Juan Creek
0
1
2
A p r
- 9 9
M a y
- 9 9
S e p - 9 9
O c t
- 9 9
D e c
- 9 9
J a n - 0 0
F e b -
0 0
M a r
- 0 0
A p r
- 0 0
M a y
- 0 0
J u n - 0 0
C o n c e n t r a t i o n
( p p b )
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
malathion
San Juan Creek
0
1
2
A p r - 9 9
M a y
- 9 9
S e p
- 9 9
O c t - 9 9
D e c - 9 9
J a n
- 0 0
F e
b - 0 0
M a r - 0 0
A p r - 0 0
M a y
- 0 0
J u n
- 0 0
C o n c e n t r a t i o n
( p p b )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
M o r t a l i t y o f C . d u b i a (
% )
malathion
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
% mortality
Storm Runoff
G- Drain at Bee Canyon
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sampling Interva l
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
F- Hines Channel
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sampling Interval
C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( p p b )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
B i f e n t h r i n c o n
c e n t r a t i o n
( p p b
)
Marshburn Slough
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sampling Interval
C o n c e n t r a t i o n
( p p b )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
B i f e n t h r i n
c o n c e n t r a t i o n
( p p b )
fenoxycarb hydramethylnon pyriproxyfen
chlo pyrifo s diazino n malathio n
bifent hrin
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San Diego Creek
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sampling Interval
C o n c e n t r a t i o n (
p p b )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
fenoxycarb hydramethylnon pyriproxyfen
chlo pyrifo s diazino n malathio n
bifent hrin
D- Bonita Creek
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
S amp ling Interval
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Westcliff Park
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sampling Interval
C o n c e n t r a t i o n
( p p b )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
fenoxycarb hydramethylnon pyriproxyfen
chlo pyrifo s diazino n malathio n bifent hrin
Insecticide Use Pattern
Bifenthrin Use Reported, Orange Co. 1999
(5,180 lbs ai)
SOIL
APPLICATION
(RIFA)
75%
STRUCTURAL
PEST CONTROL
6%
STRAWBERRY
2%
RIGHTS OF
WAY
2%
LANDSCAPE
MAINTENANCE
2% NURSERY
13%
Diazinon Use Reported in Orange Co. 1999
24,323 lbs ai
STRUCTURAL
PEST
CONTROL
91%
LANDSCAPE
3% VEGETABLES
1%
NURSERY
5%
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Chlorpyrifos Use in Orange Co. 1999
79,306 lbs ai
LANDSCAPE
1%
STRAWBERRY
1%LEMON
1%
URSERY
3%
STRUCTURAL
PEST
CONTROL
94%
19951996
19971998
1999
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Orange Co. Use Report 1999 (lb ai)
PYRIPROXYFEN
FENOXYCARB
HYDRAMETHYLNON
Mitigation
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Canna Filter Strip (June 2000)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.50.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
b i f
e n t h
r i n
d i a
z i n
o n
m e t h i d
a t h i o
n
C o n c e n t r a t i o n
( p p b )
Inflow
OutflowConclusions
Detections
• Single detect: hydramethylnon,
pyriproxyfen
• Nursery: Bifenthrin, Fenoxycarb,
Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion,
Dimethoate
• Urban: Diazinon, ChlorpyrifosMalathion, Dimethoate
Toxicity
• Nursery sites: – 18: Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos,
Malathion
– 1 unknown
– 2 non toxic
• Urban and integrated sites: – 27 Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos
– 27 unknown
– 21 non toxic
Prevent ion & Mit igation
Insecticide Application
Irrigation Management
Water Recovery
Sediment Pond
Buffer Strip
Acknowledgments
California Dept of Food and Agriculture
Center for Analytical ChemistryDepartment of Fish and Game
Orange County Dept of Agriculture
Regional Water Quality Control Board
UC Cooperative Extension
Bordiers Nursery
el modeno Gardens
Hines Nursery
www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/rifa