IR. DR. MUHAMMAD MARIZWAN BIN ABDUL MANAN19 MARCH 2018
ROAD SAFETY STATUS & WAY FORWARD
• General statistics
• Known risk factors
• Motorcycle road safety status
• Motorcycle interventions
• Bicycle – a new trend in transport
• Pedestrian infrastructure challenges
• Conclusion and moving forward
2
CONTENTS
GENERAL STATISTICS
3
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Fa
talit
ies
Po
pu
latio
n &
Re
gis
tere
d V
eh
icle
Registered Vehicles Population Road Deaths
Year Registered Vehicles Population Road Crashes Road Deaths Serious Injury Slight Injury
2016 27,613,120 31,660,000 521,466 7,152 4,506 7,415
Motorcycl
e
62%Passenger
Car
25%
Non-
motorized
9%
Heavy
Vehicle
4%
Road fatalities by vehicle type
YearTOTAL DEATH
for road user
Road safety index
Per 10,000
vehicles
Per 100,000
populations
Per billion
VKT
2016 7,152 7.37 29.1 33.57
Comparing police and hospital road:
• Only 4.1% of matching rate between the hospital and police record Police reporting rate = 4.7%.
Source: Nor Azreena & Varhelyi (2018), Underreporting study for police records in Malaysia
Approx. 2 Billion USD loss
for Malaysia every year
Fatalities = 7,152
THE RISK FACTORS
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Speeding
23%
Inadequate
vehicle
maintenance
19%
Poor driving skill
16%
Fatigue
16%
Lost control
10%
Influence of
Alcohol / drugs
2%
Road design /
environment
4%
Poor visibility
1%
Others
9%
RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES IN MALAYSIA
Source: 1. MIROS (2012-2013) – VSB & RUBC2. Abdul Manan, M. M., Várhelyi, A., Çelik, A. K., & Hashim, H. H. (2017). Road characteristics and environment factors associated with motorcycle fatal crashes in Malaysia. IATSS Research.
Risk factors with highest % in fatal crashes
involving motorcycle
• Locality - Rural (63%)
• Road type - Federal (Primary) road (35%)
• Road geometry -
• Straight road section (72%)
• Curve road section (16%)
• Time - 1600 – 2400 & 0000 – 0600
• Type of collision:
• Side (19%)
• Type of collision –
• Multi vehicle crashes are more risky for
motorcyclists rather than single crash
* Source: PDRM (2014),
analyzed by MIROS (2014)
MOTORCYCLE SAFETY STATUS IN MALAYSIA
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Source
Abdul Manan, M. M., Ho, J. S., Syed Tajul Arif, S. T. M., Abdul Ghani, M. R., & Várhelyi, A. (2017). Factors associated with
motorcyclists’ speed behaviour on Malaysian roads. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 50, 109-127.
Reverse
jacket
22.2% of
motorcyclists
wear this
31.8% of
motorcyclists
wear slippers
SAFE SYSTEM
APPORACH
STATUS / DESCRIPTION
1 Safe
infrastructureExclusive & non-exclusive motorcycle lane
Very high usage – 65% to 95%!Established a geometric guidelines
2 Helmet
wearing98.9% wears helmet, 85%.2% put down the visor
3 Rider
protection51.1% wears shoes / boots, 55.1% wears jackets
4 Enhance
visibility69.4% Daylight running headlight activated,
76.5% are categorized as dark riders
0.3% wears reflective vest
85% has both side mirrors
5 Rider training
and licensing
100% adopted with 98% passing rate after 3rd try
16 years old is the minimum age to get a license
6 Enforcement Only regular check on motorcycle license and
road tax
7 Speed
management
None
42.2% exceed the speed limit
28.6% exceed the 85th percentile traffic speed
92%-95% of
motorcycle are
between 100cc
to 150cc
MOTORCYCLE INTERVENTIONS
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Road hierarchy Expressway Primary road
Benefits ChallengesLength
Total
lengt
h (km)
% from
total
length
Total
length
(km)
% from
total
length
Exclusive motorcycle
lane
895.48%
(1,625km)41
0.24%(17,000km)
MC
accident
reduce to
25% - 34%
The coverage is still low
Crash still occurs along
these lanes
Unfriendly road barrier is
a risk
Misuse of the lane by
other vehicles
Our newly developed
geometric guidelines is
still yet to be adopted
and tested
Non-exclusive
motorcycle lane
- - 114 0.67%(17,000km)
May reduce
the crash
risk by 80%
among
motorcyclist
s as
compared
to section
without.
- Radin Umar, R.S., Mackay, M., Hills, B., 2000. Multivariate Analysis of Motorcycle Accidents and the Effects of Exlcusive Motorcycle Lanes in Malaysia. Journal of Crash Prevention and Injury Control 2, 11-17.
- Norfaizah, M.K., Abdul Manan, M.M., (2015) Safety Evaluation of Egress and Ingress Points Along Exclusive Motorcycle Lane
ROAD CONDITION MONITORING UTILIZING MOTORCYCLE MOTION
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Normal motorcyclists oriented app- Simple risk mapping
- Simple interface for warning
purposes
- Potential for HUD
Road authorities oriented app- Detail risk mapping
- Detail interface
- Visual tracking
- Attached with customized
holder
Road authority database center
BICYCLE – A NEW TREND IN TRANSPORT
• There is a growing trend of bicycle lane infrastructure development in major cities in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, etc.) – (not because of demand!)
• However they are built without proper policy, needs, standards and safety consideration.
• -This has left the bicycle lane risky to bicycle and also other vehicle.
• Bicycle population is 0.5% of the traffic (in urban)
• iRAP have taken place in assessing these bicycle lane
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• Pedestrian is fighting for space in our transport system. The road authority is trying to accommodate but face few challenges from motorcycle users
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PEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTURE CHALLENGES
Our transportation system is still vehicle oriented!
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• A web base app ‘Safer2School” – was developed by MIROS in 2016
• Database inventory of schools in Malaysia based on road assessment of school infrastructure and also iRAP star rating
• For our ministry of education
• Link: http://mroads.miros.gov.my/safer2school/dashboard
http://mroads.miros.gov.my/safer2school/dashboard
• Our number of fatal crashes is increasing steadily!
• 2017 - Malaysian motorcycle crash rate is increasing despite there is a reduction of fatal crash cases.
• We (MIROS, Local universities and research institute) have conducted many research pertaining motorcycle and pedestrian safety. However, many of the findings and countermeasures are NOT being implemented seriously and vehemently by our government.
• Bicyclists is an emerging trend in urban area, but we are not prepare.
• Automated Vehicles (AV) may be a challenge for the VRU especially for motorcycle. Despite many preliminary research have been conducted that shows the high acceptance for this technology, however, NO deep research have been conducted on the interaction between an AV with a motorcycle.
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CONCLUSION
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LET’S MAKE MOTORCYCLES A SOLUTION AND NOT THE PROBLEM!
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