Rivalries/Alliances
MilitarismNationalismStalemateTrench warfareConvoyCommunismArmisticeReparationsRivalriesAlliances
Vocabulary Needed to Know
European Countries Grab Up Land In Africa
European Countries Grab Up Land In Asia
British Empire
As countries grabbed land, they had agreements with other countries to ensure their land and interests were safe.
These agreements were called Alliances.
This means that one country has an agreement with another country that if someone causes one country harm, the other countries will have their back.
SSSSOOOOOO how does that lead us to WWI??These different Alliances became Rivals against the
other Alliance!
Alliances Bring Peace or Not?
Rivalries
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
The Rivalries competed against each other in their military strength that created a Arms Race
Below shows the total defense spending for the Great Powers at the time
[Ger., A-HIt., Fr., Br., Rus.] In the millions
All this Military spending created Rivalries between the Alliances
Alliances
Great Britain
France
Russia
Central PowersAllies
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Turkey /Ottoma
n Empire
Two Armed Camps!Allied Powers: Central Powers:
On the verge offighting
Europe in 1914Europe in 1914
The Spark that started the WAR!
Serbia contains Slavs, Serbs, Muslims, and Huns. This meant that related groups outside of Serbia, all had an interest in Serbia. Slavic Russians Independent Serbs Muslims of Turkey Huns of Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungry controlled Serbia
The Balkans
Serbia
A Terrorist group called the Black Hand plotted to kill the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, to free Serbia from Austria-Hungary’s control.
Archduke was assassinated.Austria –Hungary accused Serbia of supporting
the Black HandRussia supports Serbia against Austria -
Hungary’s accusation. Germany supports Austria-Hungary & Turkey
(Ottoman Empire) and declares war on Russia & its allies France.
Germany invades Belgium, England who has a treaty with Belgium declares war on Germany.
Austria Hungary/Alliances WW1
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin: The Assassin:
GavriloPrincip
The Black Hand
The Colonies and Territories
What Made it a World War?
Each of the countries in the Allied Powers and Central Powers had colonies all over the world. When the countries declared war the people from the colonies would fight on the side of the country that controlled them.
Colonies made it a World War
Economic & Imperial Rivalries
Sikh British Soldiers in India
Australian Recruit
Australia was a British colony. Therefore, thousands of Australians volunteered to Fight for the BRITISH EMPIRE.
Fighting in Africa
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E.
Africa]
Fighting in Greece
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
French African Troops
AfricanTroopsfighting
on theside ofFrance.
Africans
from
German
colonies
Fought
for the
Germans
in
Europe.
German
Soldiers
WAR in Europe, how and where it was fought
Germany
attacks France
by going
through
Belgian
England
declares war
against
Germany
English troops
help stop
Germany
outside of
Paris.
Both sides dig
in and the
fighting
becomes a
stalemate,
where neither
side can win a
clear victory.
Germany advances
within 30 miles of Paris
Western Front
As the Germans were stopped outside of Paris the French dug trenches to insure that Germans could not advance any farther.
Likewise the Germans dug trenches to prevent the French, English and their allies from advancing and pushing the Germans back into Germany,
Result: A stalemate that resulted in two very long lines of trenches dug across the country of France
Trench Warfare
No
man’s
land….
. The
area
betwee
n the
trenche
s.
TrenchWarfare
Over the Top: Call to AttackSoldiers lived in the
trenches.
Many times they would dig into the side of the trench to get cover.
They were exposed to all the elements (all types of weather).
When called to attack, it was called “Going over the Top”
Life in the Trenches
The first winter it was dry only 18 days out of about 4 months.The conditions cased terrible diseases, like trench foot.
Issues from living and fighting in the Trenches: Trench Foot
Well fed fat rats from eating human corpses
Simply Chatting
No mans land
was the area
between the
two trench
lines .
Soldiers
would run
across this
area running
towards the
other sides
trench while
they are being
shot at.
No Mans Land
Major Battles in World War 1
Verndum France, February 1916
German offensiveEach side had 500, 000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
War Is HELL !!
Sacrifices in War
Eastern Front: Fought very different
Eastern Front
Fighting in Turkey, Gallipoli
Throughout Western Russia
In the Middle East, Palestine.
Gallipoli, major defeat of the British
Russian Front, Czar was the leader
Czar with a General The Russian army was large but very Poorly equipped. Large casualties and a suffering economy created a very unhappy citizenry. There was a rebellion against the Czar. He was thrown out and the new communist Government dropped out of the war.
WWI was a war of the Industrial Revolution: New Technologies changed how war was fought
TanksU-BoatsAirplanePoison GasFlame ThrowersGrenade LaunchersMachine Guns
New Technologies
Tanks
Tanks broke down easily at the beginning of the war, they became more effective as the war continued on.
German U-Boats
Ships sunk by U-boats May 1917-Jan 1918
German U-boats had a huge effect during the war especially on the United States, since the US was supporting the Allies, with supplies, technology, and volunteers.
The Airplane
Airplanes first used in war. AirFights (called Dog Fights) with famous pilots, like The Red Baron, and dropping bombs.
Better weapons to kill with especially if attacking a trench.
Grenade Launchers
Flame Throwers
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun GermanKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun German
Answer this question on another sheet of paper:
What was the effect of these new technologies on the war?
Pause the video!!
America Joins the War!
Americans personally were divided on their loyalties.
German Americans and Irish Americans, (out of their hatred for England’s long control of Ireland) supported the Central Powers.
Others supported the Allies due to common language, along with Americans of Slavic or Italian descent.
America was “Officially” Neutral
American business mostly traded with the Allies.
American banks lent large amounts of money to the Allies
British prevented the US from trading with Germany, due to the British blockade.
Germany didn’t have many surface ships to break through the English blockage, but they had many U-Boats (submarines). Germany announced that they would use their U-boats to blockade England.
For American Business, money talks
128 Americans
died in the
sinking.
President
Wilson made
angry protests
at Germany.
Germany said
they would no
longer target
passenger
lines.
May 7, 1915
Zimmerman TelegramGermany practices
submarine warfare in the February 1917 in hopes of stopping America from providing supplies to England.
England intercepts a telegram from Germany’s foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman to Mexico.
Germany asks Mexico to attack America in hoping to stop them from supplying the Allies.
Promising Mexico land that they lost to America
America Enters The WAR!!!!! Because of the Zimmerman Telegram
American troops from Harlem, distinguished themselves in battle!!!!! They were treated as heroes in France. When they
returned to the States they faced great discrimination.
Allies in 1917 were growing increasingly desperate.
With American’s supplies and fresh troops, it turned the tide of the war. Russia government was getting
weaker, and more unstable with protests against it, until it
collasped.World wide influenza outbreak
weaken the armies.
America tips the Tide in the Warand other Factors that lead to the end of WWI
1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died
world wide
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died
world wide
Russian Drops Out of the War
Russia’s economy was weakened by the war
Massive loss of life by the Russian army
Inadequate equipment for the army, too few guns etc.
Great disparity between the wealthy and peasants.
By 1918 both sides were loosing too many soldiers . The world was weary of war. When Russia dropped out and America joined the war and energized the Allies, Germany was running out of resources. Neither side saw victory as happening soon.
SO……….
Armistic
e
Both side
agree to
stop
fighting
Towards the end of
WWI
War is Over!!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
Soldiers Celebrating the Armistice
Total of 9,000,000 DeadTotal of 9,000,000 Dead
World War Casualties
There are eight main points. How did the war start?
Why was it a World War?
How was the war fought in the West and Eastern Europe?
What were the new technologies and their effect in the war?
When, how and why America entered the war?
End of the War?
World War I Summary
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