Revolution
Thomas Paine - Common Sense and the Crisis
George Washington Thomas Jefferson Trenton, Saratoga, Yorktown Treaty of Paris 1783 (Adams, Jay, and
Franklin Articles of Confederation 1777
The Articles
The Articles of Confederation delegated most of the powers (the power to tax, to regulate trade, and to draft troops) to the individual states
Left the federal government power over war, foreign policy, and issuing money.
The Articles’ weakness was that they gave the federal government so little power that it couldn’t keep the country united.
The Articles’ only major success was that they settled western land claims with the Northwest Ordinance. Land Ordinance of 1785
Northwest Ordinance, 1787
Constitutional Convention
The Virginia Plan; The New Jersey Plan; The Great or Connecticut Compromise
The Constitution had to be ratified (approved) by at least 9 of the 13 original states in order to be put into effect.
Federalist Papers – Hamilton, Jay., Madison
The Bill of Rights
Beard thesis
Charles Austin Beard wrote in 1913 that the Constitution was written not to ensure a democratic government for the people, but to protect the economic interests of its writers (most of the men at the Constitutional Convention were very rich), and specifically to benefit wealthy financial speculators who had purchased Revolutionary War government bonds through the creation of a strong national government that could insure the bonds repayment. Beard’s thesis has met with much criticism .
The Federalist Era
President George Washington Judiciary Act, 1789 Whiskey Rebellion Washington’s Farewell Address Hamilton’s Plan
Tariff of 1789 Bank of the U.S. National debt, state debt, foreign debt Excise taxes
John Adams
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts Kentucky and Virginia Resolves Election of 1800, tie, Jefferson and Burr
The Age of Jefferson - TJ
Democrat Republican - reduce federal spending and government interference
Jefferson’s Inaugural Address, "We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans“
Tripolitan War (1801-1805) Louisiana Purchase: reasons, Jefferson,
loose construction
TJ
Lewis and Clark expedition and its findings
Pike and Stephen Long Impressment Chesapeake-Leopard Affair Embargo of 1807 Non-Intercourse Act
War of 1812
Mr. Madison’s War Tecumseh War Hawks Ft. McHenry, Burning of Washington Hartford Convention Jackson at New Orleans Treaty of Ghent
Era of Good Feelings
The National Plan Protective Tariff Second Bank of the U.S. Panic of 1819 Adams Onis Treaty 1819 Monroe Doctrine Chief Justice John Marshall Missouri Compromise
Market Revolution
Growth of industry in New England, textiles Samuel Slater Lowell Factory Girls Robert Fulton, Clermont Eli Whitney - cotton gin and interchangeable
parts Internal improvements Erie Canal Railroads
Market Revolution
Cyrus McCormic, mechanical reaper Elias Howe - the sewing machine Clipper ships Samuel F.B. Morse, telegraph
The Age of Jackson
Election of 1824 - "Corrupt Bargain“ Tariff of Abominations - Vice-President
Calhoun: South Carolina Exposition and protest, nullification, Force Bill
Age of the Common Man - All white men could now vote, and the increased voting rights allowed Jackson to be elected.
The Age of Jackson
The spoils system Peggy Eaton Affair/ Kitchen Cabinet Worchester v. Georgia; Cherokee Nation
v. GeorgiaIndian Removal Act – The trail of Tears
Whigs Bank Recharter Bill
American Literature
Transcendentalism - each person has direct communication with God and Nature
Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Margaret Fuller James Fenimore Cooper Herman Melville Nathaniel Hawthorne Edgar Allen Poe Walt Whitman Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America
2nd Great Awakening
Charles G. Finney Mormons: Joseph Smith and Brigham
Young Brook Farm, New Harmony, Oneida
Community, Shakers Leads to the Reform Movements
Reform Movements
Dorothea Dix, treatment of the insane Public education, Horace Mann American Temperance Union Nativism Women, their rights "Cult of True Womanhood": piety,
domesticity, purity and submissiveness Anti-slavery movement
Manifest Destiny
Phrase commonly used in the 1840's and 1850's. It expressed the inevitableness of continued expansion of the U.S. to the Pacific
Stephen Austin Texas War for Independence Sam Houston Annexation of Texas, Joint Resolution
under President Tyler
Manifest Destiny
54º40' or Fight! Oregon 49th parallel James K. Polk Slidell mission to Mexico Rio Grande, Nueces River, disputed territory Wilmot Proviso Treaty of Guadelupe Hildago provisions Mexican Cession Gasden Purchase
Slavery
Proesser Rebellion Denmark Vesey Rebellion David Walker Appeal Nat Turner Rebellion The Amistad The Creole Underground Railroad
Abolition
William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator American Colonization Society Theodore Weld The Grimke sisters Sojourner Truth Frederick Douglass Free Soil Party
Crisis of Union
Compromise of 1850 Called for the admission of California as a
free state organizing Utah and New Mexico with out
restrictions on slavery adjustment of the Texas/New Mexico
border abolition of slave trade in District of
Columbia tougher fugitive slave laws
Crisis of Union
Harriet Tubman Uncle Tom's Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe Ostend Manifesto Kansas - Nebraska Act the Republican Party Stephen A. Douglas - Popular Sovereignty "Bleeding Kansas“ John Brown
Crisis of Union
Sumner-Brooks Affair Dred Scott Decision – Roger Taney Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 Panic of 1857 began with the failure of
the Ohio Life Insurance Company and spread to the urban east. The depression affected the industrial east and the wheat belt more than the South.
Crisis of Union
Harper's Ferry Raid Election of 1860 - Republican -
Abraham Lincoln. Democrat - Stephan A. Douglas, John C. Breckenridge. Constitutional Union - John Bell. Issues were slavery in the territories (Lincoln opposed adding any new slave states).
Crittenden Compromise proposal Border states
South's advantages in the Civil War
Large land areas with long coasts, could afford to lose battles, and could export cotton for money. They were fighting a defensive war and only needed to keep the North out of their states to win. Also had the nation's best military leaders, and most of the existing military equipment and supplies.
North's advantages in the Civil War
Larger numbers of troops, superior navy, better transportation, overwhelming financial and industrial reserves to create munitions and supplies, which eventually outstripped the South's initial material advantage
The Civil War
Fort Sumter Lee, Jackson Grant, McClellan, Sherman and Meade Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg,
Appomattox Jefferson Davis Copperheads - Congressman Clement
L. Vallandigham Suspension of habeas corpus
The Civil War
Banking, tariff, homestead, transcontinental railroad
Emancipation Proclamation Election of 1864 Financing of the war effort by North and South
N. financed the war through loans, treasury notes, taxes and duties on imported goods
S. had financial problems because they printed their Confederate notes without backing them with gold or silver.
The Civil War
Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan John Wilkes Booth Wade-Davis Bill, veto, Wade-Davis
Manifesto
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