Sub-atomic Particle
Where Found Charge
Proton Nucleus +1
Neutron Nucleus 0
Electron Around nucleus -1
Definitions (refer to handout) Atom – small particles that make up everything around
us (matter). Element – If a substance is made up of only one type
of atom. Eg. Zinc, Oxygen, Copper. Compound – a substance that contains two or more
different elements that are chemically combined. Eg. Copper Sulphate, Water.
Mixture – a substance that contains two or more different substances that are not chemically combined.
Proton – a positive charged particle held within the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron – an uncharged particle held within the nucleus of an atom.
Electron – a negatively charged particle that is free to move around the nucleus.
Atomic Number – the number of protons in an atom. Mass Number – the number of protons and neutrons in
an atom. Atomic Mass – the average Mass Number of all the
different isotopes of an element. Isotope – when two atoms have the same number of
protons but a different number of neutrons (therefore a different mass number).
Ion – an element or a compound, which takes on a charge due a variation between the number of protons and electrons, it possesses. (cation +, anion -)
Ionic Charge – the charge of an atom. Eg. Oxygen contains 8 protons and 10 electrons, therefore 8 positive charges and 10 negative charges, i.e. 2- charge.
Definitions (refer to handout)
Parts of the Periodic Table
Hydrogen1
1.007
Name of the ELEMENT.
Atomic number of the element
Symbol for the element.
Atomic Mass of the element
H
Review of the Periodic Table
Lithium3
6.941
What is the symbol for Lithium?
_________
What is the atomic number of Lithium?
_________
How many protons does Lithium have?
_________
How many electrons does a neutral Lithium atom have?
__________
What is the atomic weight for Lithium?
_______________
Li
Li
3
3
6.941
3
Physical properties are properties which do not involve the substance turning into something else
Eg. appearance, texture, colour, odour, melting point, boiling point solubility,
Chemical properties are properties that substances show when they undergo changes to something else
Eg. Flammability Reactivity
Questions
1. What chemical property is shared by petrol, wood, kerosene and coal?
2. What are the physical properties of cement
3. Classify the following as physical / chemical properties Soluble Smooth Rusty Produces bubbles when acid added Round
FLAMABLE
HARD, not soluble (insoluble) in water, GREY, solid at room temp.
PhysicalPhysical
ChemicalChemical
Physical
Physical Changes
During a physical change the substance remains the same substance, but some of its properties may change
A physical change can be reversed Examples include, changes to;
Size Shape State (solid, liquid, gas) Ie: melting chocolate, freezing water…
Chemical Changes
In a chemical change, one or more new substances are formed
Chemical changes are the result of chemical reactions
Examples include; Production of gas Production of heat or light A permanent change in colour The formation of a precipitate (new solid) Ie: rusting iron
REVIEW
In this type of change the substance remains the same substance.
_________________
In this type of change the substance turns into a different substance
_________________
Physical Change
Chemical Change
IONS
Ions - are atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge. Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses an electron.
The charge on an atom can only change by changing the number of electrons.
You can’t change protons
Ions-
+ = Zero (0) overall charge
+ ++ +
-+ =
-_______ overall charge
+ ++ +
-+ =
-_______ overall charge
-
+ ++ +
-
- -
--
IONS Metals tend to lose electrons becoming positive (+)
Non-Metals tend to gain electrons becoming negative (-)
Ions
Cations - are ions, which have a positive charge (due to losing electrons)
Anions - are ions, which have a negative charge (due to gaining electrons)
Polyatomic ions - are groups of atoms that have a charge and act as a unit. Eg. SO4
2- contains 1 Sulphur and 4 Oxygen atoms and carries a 2- charge.
Diatomic elements - are two atoms of the same element bonded together. Eg. H2, I2, Br2, Cl2, O2, N2, Hg2,
Top Related