Review of CAADP Progress
Partnership to Cut Hunger and Poverty in Africa
SPECIAL DISCUSSION: Next Steps for the US Food Security Initiative
Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities
December 3, 2009
Babatunde OmilolaCoordinator, Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS)
IFPRI
Outline
• What is CAADP? – Principles
– Processes and implementation
• Where is CAADP now?– Agricultural growth
– Agricultural Investments (Allocations to agriculture)
• Impacts– Poverty and hunger (MDG1)
• Challenges
What is CAADP?
• The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) is the African Union (AU)/New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) vision and strategy for the development of African agriculture.
• CAADP puts agriculture at top of priorities of African countries
• CAADP is African-owned and African-led
CAADP Principles
• Employ agriculture-led growth to achieve MDG1 of halving poverty and hunger by 2015
• Pursuit of 6% average annual sector growth at national level
• Allocation of 10% of national budgets to agriculture sector
• Exploitation of regional complementarities and cooperation to boost growth
• Policy efficiency, dialogue, review and accountability (evidence-based policymaking)
• Partnerships and alliances to include farmers, agribusiness, civil society
CAADP Process
• The principles are achieved through:– the strategic functions of CAADP, – the guidance and involvement of the Regional Economic Communities
(RECs), and– the national roundtable process
• These activities surround four key pillars, led by Africa-based technical institutions: – Pillar 1: extending the area under sustainable land management
(University of Zambia)– Pillar 2: Improving rural infrastructure and trade-related capacities for
market access (Conference of Ministers of Agriculture of West and Central Africa (CMA/AOC))
– Pillar 3: Increasing food supply and reducing hunger (University of KwaZulu-Natal)
– Pillar 4: Agricultural research, technology dissemination and adoption (Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA))
Who Implements the CAADP process?
• African Union Commission (AUC) and New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)
• Key Regional Economic Communities (RECs) establish their own priorities based on the continent-wide Pillars– Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS)– Southern African Development Community (SADC)– Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa
(COMESA)
• Countries in Africa
1. Government appoints Focal
Point(s)
2. REC and Government launch
process
3. Country Steering and Technical
Committee
4. Cabinet Memo and Endorsement
5. Stocktaking –Growth and
Investment Analysis
6. Drafting of Country CAADP
Compact
7. Roundtable Signing of Compact
8. Donor and Government
Implementation
9. Regular Refinement and
Adjustment
The National CAADP Roundtable Process & Country Status
Libya, Eritrea
Comoros, Madagascar, Sudan
Cape Verde, C. d’Ivoire, Djibouti,
Seychelles, Swaziland
Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Kenya,
Malawi, Uganda, Zambia
Benin, Burundi, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia,
Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Togo
Zimbabwe, Egypt, Mauritius, DRC
13 countries
1
6
5
4
3
2
CAADP Framework created by AU, targets (6% & 10%) agreed upon by all African leaders.
In order to implement goals of CAADP framework, decisionmakers need evidence-based knowledge on investments, options, etc.
ReSAKSS, though its network of partners across the continent, takes stock and starts analysis of growth options.
The establishment of Country SAKSS facilitates this by providing country-specific information and analysis. These also serve as in-country policy and knowledge hubs.
ReSAKSS manages this knowledge so that decisionmakers and stakeholders can access and utilize it. Debate and dialogue take place in countries as they consider options for implementing CAADP framework. (lead-up to Roundtables)
Country CAADP compacts are signed binding stakeholders to goals set forth at Roundtables.
What is the role of ReSAKSS in CAADP implementation?
Tracking Progress of CAADP: ReSAKSS Websitewww.resakss.org
Users can customizethe map and charts
based on the specific information they are looking for, whether
that be regional information or
country-specific information
The ReSAKSS website allows users to easily track progress
against the CAADP and MDG targets
while also accessing a wealth of knowledge and data on
agricultural development in Africa
Where are we now?
• 6 years after CAADP, has there been any progress toward the goals?
• The Process: – 13 countries and 1 region have signed CAADP compacts
• Agricultural Spending/Investment: – The number of countries spending at least 10% of budgets
on agriculture has increased since 2002
• Agricultural Growth:– At the continent level agricultural growth has increased
since 2002– The number of countries with annual agricultural growth
rates of 6% or more has increased since 2002
Government spending on agriculture: Progress towards the Maputo Declaration target
• The African continent as a whole has not met the 10% target (current spending at 6-8 percent)
• But, this varies by country
0
5
10
15
20
25
Gu
ine
a B
issa
u*
**
Gab
on
**
*
DR
C**
Co
te d
'Ivo
ire
Mo
rocc
o*
*
Cen
tral
Afr
ican
…
Mau
riti
us*
*
Leso
tho
**
Rw
and
a
Egyp
t**
Cam
ero
on
**
Bo
tsw
ana
Bu
run
di*
**
Ken
ya*
***
Swaz
ilan
d**
Uga
nd
a***
*Su
dan
***
Nam
ibia
**
Tan
zan
ia**
Mau
rita
nia
***
Be
nin
***
*
Tun
isia
**
Nig
eria
Zim
bab
we*
*
Zam
bia
*
Togo
Mad
agas
car*
*
Gam
bia
***
Mo
zam
biq
ue*
*C
had
***
Gh
ana*
**
*
Mal
i
Mal
awi
Eth
iop
ia*
*
Sen
egal
Gu
inea
***
Nig
er*
Bu
rkin
a Fa
so*
%
Agricultural Expenditures as a share of total (%), 2007
CURRENT, 2007 (Unless otherwise noted)
*=2006; **=2005; ***=2004; ****=2008 estimates
Source: Omilola and Lambert, 2009.
Only 8 countries have met the 10%
target
Have countries increased their spending in response to the 2003 Maputo Declaration?
• At the continental level, agricultural spending nearly doubled between 2000 and 2005
• In 2003, only 3.2% of countries allocated 10% or more of their budgets to agriculture– This increased to 33.3%
in 2006 before slightly falling to 25% in 2007
• 9 countries increased their allocations from less than 5% spending to 5-10% spending
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
% o
f re
po
rtin
g co
un
trie
s
Level of agricultural spending as a share of total spending, 2002-2007
Less than 5% 5%-10% More than 10%
Source: Omilola and Lambert, 2009.
Agricultural expenditure as a share of agricultural GDP
• Measures government spending on agriculture relative to the size of that country's agriculture sector
• Under this measure, more countries fall into the category of low budget support to agriculture
0
20
40
60
80
%
Agricultural expenditures as a share of agricultural GDP, 2007
CURRENT, 2007 (Unless otherwise noted)
*=2006; **=2005; ***=2008 estimates
The range is considerable
(1 to 60%)
On aggregate , Africa spends between 5-7% of agricultural GDP on agriculture,
compared to 15% in Asia during its Green Revolution
Source: Omilola and Lambert, 2009.
Agricultural GDP growth
Page 15
-36
-30
-24
-18
-12
-6
0
6
12
18
24
Erit
rea
Gam
bia
, Th
e
Zim
bab
we
Sen
ega
l
Tun
isia
Mau
rita
nia
Mal
awi
Leso
tho
Cap
e V
erd
e
Gab
on
Mal
i
Ke
nya
Co
te d
'Ivo
ire
Eth
iop
ia
Zam
bia
Mad
agas
car
Alg
eri
a
CA
R
Ch
ad
Gu
ine
a-B
issa
u
Bo
tsw
ana
DR
C
Seyc
he
lles
Swaz
ilan
d
Nig
er
Bu
rkin
a Fa
so
Djib
ou
ti
Sud
an
Egyp
t
Cam
ero
on
Uga
nd
a
Gh
ana
Bu
run
di
Nig
eri
a
Co
mo
ros
Mau
riti
us
Mo
rocc
o
Tan
zan
ia
Gu
ine
a
Sou
th A
fric
a
Togo
Be
nin
Nam
ibia
Mo
zam
biq
ue
Sao
To
me
& …
An
gola
Rw
and
a
Equ
ato
rial
Gu
ine
a
2002: Only 9 countries achieved 6% or more annual growth
2008: At least 20 countries achieved 6% or more annual growth
6% CAADP target
6% CAADP target
Source: WDI
Burkina Faso CameroonCongo, D.R.
C. African Rep. Ethiopia Guinea Kenya Mali
Morocco Senegal
Swaziland Togo
TunisiaUganda
AngolaBotswana
EgyptGhana
MauritaniaNamibia
Countries on track towards halving poverty by 2015
Countries on track towards halving hunger by 2015Only 6 Countries on track
towards achieving both goals of MDG1
Algeria Malawi
Sao Tome and PrincipeTanzania
What about poverty and hunger?
Source: Omilola and Lambert, 2009
Changes in poverty% population in households below $1.25/day
0
30
60
90
19
86
19
94
19
94
19
98
20
03
19
92
19
98
20
06
19
96
20
01
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
93
19
95
19
98
20
02
19
96
20
02
19
82
19
95
20
00
20
05
BOT BFS BRD CAM CID DJI ETH
0
30
60
90
1988 1992 2006 1993 1991 2003 1994 2005 1993 2003 1993 1999 2005 2004
GHA GUB GUI KEN LES MAD MWI
0
30
60
90
19
91
19
95
20
01
20
05
19
90
20
03
19
93
19
95
20
00
19
95
20
01
19
92
20
00
19
89
19
92
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
19
91
19
93
19
96
19
98
20
03
20
04
SEN SIL SA SWZ TNZ UGA ZAM
0
30
60
90
19
89
19
94
20
01
20
06
19
87
19
93
19
96
20
00
19
85
19
91
19
99
20
01
20
07
19
97
20
03
19
92
19
94
20
05
19
86
19
93
19
96
20
04
19
85
20
00
MAL MAU MOR MOZ NIG NGR RWD
Challenges for CAADP• Although agriculture seems to be firmly back on the
development agenda, pledges have not translated into increased spending in many countries.
• The CAADP process has stalled in some countries.• The post-compact process has only recently received
attention (Rwanda post-compact meeting on Dec. 8-9) • The contributions of the CAADP process to the
achievements in agricultural growth and poverty reduction are not yet known fully.
• How are agricultural budgets being spent? Are they being spent judiciously?
• What critical M&E information is needed to enhance effective dialogue and policy processes at all levels?Page 18
Thank you.
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