RESPIRATORY SYSTEMRESPIRATORY SYSTEM
BASIC STRUCTUREBASIC STRUCTURE
ANDAND
FUNCTIONFUNCTION
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
BASIC STRUCTUREBASIC STRUCTURE– NOSE, MOUTH & NOSE, MOUTH &
PHARYNXPHARYNX– LARYNX, VOCAL LARYNX, VOCAL
CHORDSCHORDS– TRACHEATRACHEA– BRONCHI AND BRONCHI AND
BRONCHIOLE TREEBRONCHIOLE TREE– ALVEOLIALVEOLI
BASIC FUNCTIONBASIC FUNCTION– GAS EXCHANGEGAS EXCHANGE
External Respiration – External Respiration – breathing; ventilationbreathing; ventilation
Internal Respiration – Internal Respiration – gas exchange at alveoligas exchange at alveoli
Cellular Respiration – Cellular Respiration – exchange at tissue exchange at tissue capillary bedscapillary beds
– Other Functions:Other Functions: Clean and moisten airClean and moisten air ExcretoryExcretory Regulate blood pHRegulate blood pH
ORG. OFRESP. SYSTEM
GASEX
Organs of Respiratory System:Organs of Respiratory System:Upper RespiratoryUpper Respiratory
Nasal and oral cavitiesNasal and oral cavities– Incoming air Incoming air moisten and warm moisten and warm– 11stst line of defense – nose hairs line of defense – nose hairs
FilterFilter External naresExternal nares
– 22ndnd line of defense – mucus line of defense – mucus Goblet cellsGoblet cells Sticky glycoproteinSticky glycoprotein SinusesSinuses
Pharynx – muscular, mucus producing connecting Pharynx – muscular, mucus producing connecting tubetube– Nasophayrnx, oropharynx, laryngopharynxNasophayrnx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx– Common to both respiratory and digestive systemsCommon to both respiratory and digestive systems
PHARYNX
Organs of Respiratory System:Organs of Respiratory System:Upper RespiratoryUpper Respiratory
LarynxLarynx– Opening to respiratory only Opening to respiratory only
passagepassage GlottisGlottis
– Epiglottis – prevents solid/liquid Epiglottis – prevents solid/liquid particles from enteringparticles from entering
– Major cartilages: thyroid, cricoid, Major cartilages: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic, arytenoid, corniculate, epiglottic, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiformcuneiform
– Vocal Cords – produce soundVocal Cords – produce sound False – upper; help with swallowing/ False – upper; help with swallowing/
close tracheaclose trachea True – flaps of vibrating tissueTrue – flaps of vibrating tissue
– Pitch – frequency; tautnessPitch – frequency; tautness– Intensity – amplitude; loudnessIntensity – amplitude; loudness
LARYNXSTRCT
LARYNXPHOTO
Organs of Respiratory System:Organs of Respiratory System:Lower RespiratoryLower Respiratory
Lower Respiratory – in thoraxLower Respiratory – in thorax Trachea – windpipeTrachea – windpipe
– Anterior to esophagusAnterior to esophagus– C-Shaped ringsC-Shaped rings
About 20About 20 Flexible in back for peristalsisFlexible in back for peristalsis MucusMucus
– CiliaCilia Beating toward larynxBeating toward larynx Trapped micros swallowed + digestedTrapped micros swallowed + digested
Organs of Respiratory System:Organs of Respiratory System:Lower RespiratoryLower Respiratory
Bronchial TreeBronchial Tree– Bronchus – L & RBronchus – L & R
11oo, 2, 2oo, 3, 3oo
– BronchiolesBronchioles Intralobular, terminal, respiratoryIntralobular, terminal, respiratory
– Alveolar ducts Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Alveolar sacs ALVEOLI ALVEOLI Microscopic air sacs surrounded by capillariesMicroscopic air sacs surrounded by capillaries Gas Exchange – diffusionGas Exchange – diffusion
– TrendsTrends Less cartilage, smaller diamers, less mucusLess cartilage, smaller diamers, less mucus Psuedostratified Columnar Psuedostratified Columnar simple squamous simple squamous
ALVEOLAR GAS EX
DIAGRAM
LUNGSLUNGS Encases bronchiole treeEncases bronchiole tree Right – 3 Lobes; Left – 2 Right – 3 Lobes; Left – 2
LobesLobes Hilus – indented openingHilus – indented opening
– Medial sideMedial side– Blood vessels, nerves and Blood vessels, nerves and
BronchiBronchi
MembranesMembranes– Visceral PleuraVisceral Pleura– Parietal PleuraParietal Pleura– Pleural CavityPleural Cavity
Potential spacePotential space Serous fluidSerous fluid Surface TensionSurface Tension
Organs of Respiratory SystemOrgans of Respiratory System
Gas ExchangeGas Exchange
PHARYNXPHARYNX
LARYNX STRUCTURELARYNX STRUCTURE
LARYNXLARYNX
BRONCHIOLE TREEBRONCHIOLE TREE
Gas Exchange at AlveoliGas Exchange at Alveoli
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