•
Renewable Energy (RE) / Biomass in Germany
Tokyo 5 November; Morioka 7 November 2013
Content
1) German-Japanese RE-Cooperation
2) Climate RE Targets
3) Role of Biomass within RE Expension Strategy
4) Co-Benefits
Harald Neitzel
Federal Ministry for the Environment,
Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)
Tel. +49 30 18 305 4265; e-mail: [email protected]
1
The Climate Challenge:
the emissions gap
気候変動:排出量ギャップ
2
3
Current German-Japanese
Cooperation (1)
現行の日独連携 (1)
Commitments of Chancellor Merkel to support
Japanese Energy transition
Joint Conferences and Workshops on
Electro Mobility (Tokyo, 18 November 2011)
„Feed-In-Tariffs“ (Tokyo, 6 March 2012, in cooperation with
JREF)
Solar Thermal Energy (Tokyo, 22 June 2012)
2nd German-Japanese PV-Day (Tokyo, 13 November 2012)
Electro Mobility and Smart Grids (Berlin, 15-16 January
2013) Berlin),
Wind Energy Symposium (Tokyo, 26 February 2013)
3
4
Current German-Japanese
Cooperation (2)
現行の日独連携 (2)
German-Japanese Climate Change and Energy Event in
Nagoya, 24 October 2013 (Mr. Brenn)
Technology Solutions for Accelerated Renewable Energy
Deployment, 6th German-Japanese Environment
Dialogue Forum:
Tokyo, February 24/25th 2014
Grid integration of RE, in particular PV: t.b.c.
Biogas from organic waste (2014) (to be specified)
• Expert-Exchange on Nuclear Energy Standards and
administrative structures and procedures
• Numerous delegations from Japan on Renewable
Energy, Climate Change and Nuclear Energy issues
4
•
RE / Biomass
Tokyo 5 November; Morioka 7 November 2013
Content
2) Climate RE Targets
5
Introducing Remarks
イントロダクション
• Germany`s Energy Transition, in particular expansion of RE, under strong considerations (EU, OECD, IEA and other);
• Transition is running
• however: usually only bad news are communicated such as „costs out of control“, „grid expansion fails“, „RE cannot guarantee energy security“ etc.
• electricity flows with neighbouring countries: surplus abroad increases: 17 TWh (2012), 6 TWh (2011) ;
• at present: several controversial discussions in Germany on how to design next steps, even within Ministries, Parliament, Political Parties, business sector, researchers or NGO;
• however: strong consensus to proceed on „Energy Transition“ and outstanding role of RE in principle due to several rationales
Climate and
Energy Transition Targets
気候・エネルギー 移行目標
Climate Renewables Efficiency
Green
house
gases
(vs. 1990)
power Primary
energy
Primary
energy
power Energy
productivity
transport buildings
2020
- 40 % 35% 18% - 20% -10%
increase
to
2,1%/a
-10 %
- 40 %
Double
1 ---2 %
Refurbis-
ment p.a. 2030
- 55 % 50% 30%
2040 - 70 % 65% 45%
2050 - 80-95% 80% 60% - 50% -25%
7
Nuclear Energy: Phase-Out
Data and Remaining
Nuclear Capacities
原子力:フェーズアウト
データと残存容量
8
Renewable Energy: most important
pillar to reduce GHG emissions
再エネ:GHG削減の柱
•Germany: RE share of reduced 27 % GHG emissions 2011
(since 1990): appr. 39 %
9
German GHG Emission Trend
ドイツGHG排出トレンド1990 – 2011
on track to meet Kyoto target (21%):
京都議定書目標(21%)達成の見込み
2011: - 27%
-24.8%
580
475 479 458 452 440 449 459 460 473 468 462 464 470 445 416 432
94
82 83 81 81 82 81 81 78 76 77 76 75 73
77 75
74
156
156 150 152 141
131 134 124 122 124 130 128 132 141 136
117 124
72
55 65 56
54 50 46 53 50 42 41 41 41 35
42
38 37
169
179 178 179
182 187 183 179 176 170 169 161 157 154
154
153 154
131
130 144 139
133 121 119 132
122 123 114 112 114 89 108
99 103
1.232
974
748
43
40 38
35 32
29 27 26
1.246
1.118 1.137
1.101 1.075
1.040 1.039 1.054
1.033 1.031 1.020 998 999
977 976
912 937
© UBA 08.12.2011
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
Angaben
in Mio. t CO2
Äquivalente
2 -
remaining emissions
-40%-target
Kyoto-target -
Basic year
Households
Transport
Commerce,
Industry
Agriculture
Energy sector
GHG-emissions total
- 40% compared to
1990
10
Primary renewable energy provision has
increased from under 2% in 1990 to 11% with
biomass being the main driver
一次エネルギーに占める再エネ割合は増加、バイオマスは主要ドライバー
Source: AGEB 2013
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
Sh
are
of
RE
S
in t
ota
l P
EC
in
%
Pri
ma
ry E
nerg
y C
on
su
mp
tio
n (
PE
C)
in P
J
Renewables' contribution to primary energy consumption
Other Renewables
Biogas
Waste Biomass
Biofuels and liquid Biomass
Solid Biomass
Photovoltaik
Wind
Hydropower
Percentage Share in PrimaryEnergy Consumption
11
Renewable electricity generation has grown
steadily over the past decade reaching
almost 140.000 GWh in 2012
再エネからの発電は10年で順調に増加、
2012年に140,000 GWh
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
GW
h
Development of renewable electricity generation in Germany since 1990
Geothermal Energy
Photovoltaics
Biomass
Offshore Wind
Onshore Wind
Hydropower
Source: BMU 2012
30 %
35 %
15 %
20 %
12
Recent Development:
How much RE are in place?
再エネはどれくらい普及しているか?
13
Source: Energieszenarien 2011 (Prognos, EWI, GWS)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
2008 2015 2020 2025 2030
PJ
Importbalance RenewableElectricityImportbalance NonrenewableElectricityOthers
Renewable Energy
Gas
Oil
Lignite
Hard Coal
Nuclear
Coal will decrease while
renewables ramp up and overall
consumption declines
石炭使用量は減少、再エネは増加、
消費総量は減少
Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Carrier in PJ/year
according to the National Energy Scenarios
14
Electricity generation: RES-E share will
increase while total generation will
decline
発電:総発電量は減少、再エネ由来の割合は増加
Structure of gross electricity generation in the Energy scenario of the
Federal Government
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2008 2015 2020 2025 2030
TW
h
Other Renewables
Geothermal Energy
Photovoltaics
Biomass
Wind offshore
Wind onshore
Hydropower
Others
Pumped Storage
Oil
Gas
CCS (Lignite)
Lignite
CCS (Hard Coal)
Hard Coal
Nuclear
Source: Energieszenarien 2011 (Prognos, EWI, GWS)
15
Cross-Linking of Energy Sources
エネルギー資源のリンク
•
RE / Biomass
Tokyo 5 November; Morioka 7 November 2013
Content
3) Role of Biomass within RE Expension Strategy
Harald Neitzel
Federal Ministry for the Environment,
Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)
Tel. +49 30 18 305 4265; e-mail: [email protected]
17
18
Bioenergy: Controllable renewable energy technology バイオエネルギー:制御可能な再エネ技術
Applications for bioenergy: Electricity, heat & fuels
• Biogas (energy crops, also
fermentation of biological waste
materials)
• Sewage gas
• Landfill gas
• Solid biomass (including
biogenic share of waste)
• Liquid biomass (vegetable oil)
• Gaseous fuels (from
thermochemical gasification)
• Biodiesel
• Vegetable oil (niche
application)
• Bioethanol
• Biomethane
Biofuels Biomass (electricity & heat) Biogas (electricity & heat)
Photo: MT-Energie
18
Already over 20% of Germany’s
electricity production comes from
renewable sources
ドイツの発電量の20%以上は再エネ由来
Gas, 11.4%
Lignite, 25.6%
Nuclear Energy, 16.0%
Hard Coal, 19.2%
Oil, Pumped Storage Hydro
and Others, 6.0%
Wind, 7.3%
Biomass, 5.8%
Hydro, 3.3%
Solar, 4.6%
Waste, 0.8%
Renewables, 21.8%
Gross Electricity Production in 2012
Total RES 2012: 136.1 TWh
Source: AGEB und AGEE-Stat 2012 19
06.11.2013
ドイツにおける再エネ由来の発電の内訳(2012年)
20
Biomass use for electricity generation
increased rapidly in the past decade from 4.7
GWh in 2000 to 40.8 GWh in 2012
発電のバイオマス利用は10年間で急増
Source: AG EE-Stat 2012
Development of biomass* use for electricity supply in Germany
21
Over 90% of Germany‘s renewable heat
comes from biomass
ドイツにおける再エネ由来の熱の9割以上が
バイオマスから
Source: AG EE-Stat 2012 – method of data collection changed in 1997
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
Fin
al E
nerg
y (
he
at)
- G
Wh
Renewable heat supply in GER since 1990
Geothermalenergy
Solar thermalenergy
Biomass fromwaste
Biogas
Biofuels (liquid)
Biomass (solid)
4.9 %
4.19 %
5.82 %
8.76 %
1.87 %
74.46 %
22
06.11.2013
ドイツにおける再エネ由来の熱供給の内訳(2012年)
23
24
•
RE / Biomass
Tokyo 5 November; Morioka 7 November 2013
Content
4) Co-Benefits
25
Regional utilities
2%
Small local utilities
3%
International utilities
3% "Big 4" utilities
7%
Industrial companies and other
companies 7%
Farmers [biogas, PV]
9%
Funds / banks
[bioenergy, wind onshore]
11%
Project developers
[wind] 15%
Private owners
[PV, wind onshore]
42%
Source: trend:research, 2010: "Anteile einzelner Marktakteure an Erneuerbaren Energien Anlagen in Deutschland"
the unknown
economic
benefit:
2011 50% of
investments
by small
investors
Which benefits do arise from RE?
- ownership structure
再エネによってもたらされる利益とは?
- オーナーシップの内訳
26
Benefits of RE deployment:
再エネ普及による利益:
380.000 jobs from RES in 2011
Employment in Germany's renewable energy sources
sector
3,400
9,500
56,800
63,900
4,500
8,100
119,500
85,700
6,500
14,500
7,800
102,100
7,500
13,300
7,600
120,900
122,000
96,100
9,600
14,200
7,300
125,000
124,400
101,100
1,800
25,100
10,300
49,20080,600
128,000
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000
Publicly assisted
research and
administration
Geothermal
energy,
ambient heat
Hydropower
Solar energy
Biomass
Wind energy
Increase: approx. 138 %
Figures for 2010 and 2011 are provisional estimate; deviations in totals are due to rounding;
Source: O’Sullivan (DLR), Edler (DIW), Nieder (ZSW), Rüther (ZSW), Lehr (GWS), Peter (Prognos): "Bruttobeschäftigung durch erneuerbare Energien im Jahr 2011 – eine erste Abschätzung", as at:
March 2012; interim report of research project „Kurz- und langfristige Auswirkungen des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt“; image: BMU / Christoph Busse / transit
2004 2007 2009 2010 2011
160,500
jobs
277,300
jobs
339,500
jobs
367,400
jobs
381,600
jobs
28
Photovoltaics:€ 11.2 billion
Wind power: € 3.75 billion
Biomass: € 2.55 billion
Solar thermal energy: € 990 million
Geothermal energy: € 930 million
Hydropower: € 70 million
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Inve
stm
ent
in €
bill
ion
Investment in renewable energy systems in Germany (2012)
29
Investment in renewable energies in Germany
ドイツにおける再エネへの投資額
Source: BMU (2013)
Tens of billions of euros have been invested in renewable energy systems for years
29
Annual Volume of Investment for
electricity and heat-generating renewable
technologies Scenario 2011 A
再エネ技術による発電と熱供給への年間投資額
(2011年シナリオ)
- Scenario 2011 A -
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
An
nu
al in
vestm
en
ts,
mill. o
f E
UR
2009/y
r
Hydropower Wind Photovoltaic Biomasselectricity
Geothermalelectricity
Importrenewables
Biomassheat
Solarheating
Geothermal &heat pumps
Hydrogenelectrolysis
30
Findings of RE Economic Value Chain
再エネ経済価値
• economic value added:
17 Bio. € (2012)
• Plus indirect effects by
suppliers, services and
taxes: 8.5 Bio €
• 66% benefit for
local communities
• further savings by
substituted oil, gas and coal:
6 Bio. €
33
34
35
Average price for electricity 電力の平均価格 (3 persons household in ct/kWh)
Future estimated cost development
of RE
再エネのコスト予測
Conclusions (1)
1. continuation of RE development will be the major pillar of German Energy Transition, in particular wind and PV;
2. future role of RE requires a wide variety of economic and technical requirements, in particular capacity markets, grid expansion, storage technologies, new applications;
3. (exaggerated) cost challenges are a short-term issue to be overcome;
4. challenges are well understood and in different stages of action including responsibilities for policy, business, scientific community and civil society;
5. Energy Transition is one of the most important major German post-war „Challenges“.
Conclusions (2)
(Bioenergy)
• Bioenergy will stay an important resource among other
renewables in Germany
• Bioenergy in Germany still has high potential for further
sustainable growth
• however – compared with wind and solar – potential is
limited
• Advantages of bioenergy as a continiously available
energy source has to be explored within an expanded
grid integration strategy of RE
Thank you for your attention!
More Information:
www.bmu.de/english
www.erneuerbare-energien.de/english
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