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REHABILITATION
&
RESETTLEMENT
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Share a few drops of tears for them.
Because they are the displaced
Give them, a little from your compassion
because they are the dispossessed.
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Women constitutes almost half theaffected and displaced population in theworld.
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REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R&R)
It is a multidimensional issue having complexlinkages with gender, livelihood and evengovernance facets.
Main terms involved in R&R are:
Relief:It means the immediate support offered to the
affected persons during a disaster, that disrupts thenormal routine of life, causing loss of life andproperty.
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Rehabilitation:Literal meaning of rehabilitation is the
restoration of someone to a useful place in society by
re- establishing incomes, livelihood, living and social
systems.Resettlement:Is used to define the process of starting
of a new life in another part of the country.
Together Rehabilitation and Resettlement promote
sustainable development.
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Stage 1:Relief
Stage 2:Rehabilitation
Stage 3:Resettlement
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Let us see the R&R policy
framework:
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R R policy frame workGood governancepolicy inputs Output Outcome
Gender and childissues, vulnerablesection issuesReduction ininequality anddisparity
Poverty alleviation,livelihoodopportunitiesPoverty reduction,livelihoodpromotion
Environment issue,Smart Governance
Equitable growthand sustainabledevelopment
PositivecontributiontoMillenniumDevelopmentGoals (MDG)
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How they are displaced?
Infrastructure projects:mainly forceddisplacement. Sardar Sarovar Project, construction of roads etc
are examples.
Natural calamities:In the form of earthquake,cyclones, famines, floods, acid rains etc. Tsunami occurred at
the Asian coasts is one of the ferocious that occurred.
Terrorist attacks :A real threat to World peace.
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CONTD
Creation of National parks:When some forest areais covered under a National Park, it is a welcome step for conservation
of the natural resources. However, it also has a social aspect
associated with it which is often neglected. A major portion of the forest
is declared as core-area, where the entry of local dwellers or tribals isprohibited. When these villagers are deprived of their ancestral right or
access to the forests, they usually retaliate by starting destructive
activities. There is a need to look into their problems and provide them
some employment.
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Terrorist Attacks:
Our country has witnessed and is witnessing a largenumber of terrorist attacks.
Mumbai bomb blast series, Delhi, Coimbatore bomb-blasts, ULFA attacks at Assametc are some of them.
The LTTE attacks compel many Tamil families tomigrate from Lanka to Tamil coast.
The specialty of these attacks is that the innocentpeople are being murdered or being dispossessed.
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Civil outbursts:Internal chaos inside a nation.
Political riots, communal riots and both of these
combined.
Refugee flow becomes a head ache for the authorities
Ex- Service men also should be rehabilitated in civil life
after their release from the service on account of their
truncated career.
Financially deprived:Number of families
displaced due to financial crisis.
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CAUSES IN INDIA FOR REHABILITATION .
(i) Tribals are usually the most affected amongst the displaced
who are already poor. Displacement further increases their poverty due
to loss of land, home, jobs, food insecurity, loss of access to common
property assets, increased morbidity and mortality and social isolation.
(ii) Break up of families is an important social issue arising due
to displacement in which the women are the worst affected and they
are not even given cash/land compensation.
(iii)The tribals are not familiar with the market policies and trends.
Even if they get cash compensation, they get alienated in the modern
economic set-up.
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(iv) The land acquisition laws ignore the communal ownership ofproperty, which is an inbuilt system amongst the tribals. Thus the tribalslose their communitarian basis of economic and cultural existence. Theyfeel like fish out of water.
(v) Kinship systems, marriages, social and cultural functions, theirfolk-songs, dances and activities vanish with their displacement. Evenwhen they are resettled, it is individual-based resettlement, which totallyignores communal settlement.
(vi) Loss of identity and loss of the intimate link between the peopleand the environment is one of the biggest loss. The age-long indigenousknowledge, which has been inherited and experienced by themabout the flora, fauna, their uses etc. gets lost.
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What are the problems suffered
by the displaced?
Mental problems:Anxiety, depression,
sleeplessness, avoidance of total
contact with outside world and even
suicidal tendency.
Physical problems:Untidy refugee
camps invite contagious diseases. Pure
water will be a dream. Typhoid, cholera,
dysentery, diarrhea attack the camps.
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Financial problems:The displaced are
dispossessed. They reach a camp
leaving all their earnings in their nativeland. No provisions to buy medicine,
construct their own shelter or to educate
their young ones.
Anarchy:IDPs are considered as a
burden by the authority. No proper
control from the Government for their
resettlement lead to anarchy and
confusion.
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Settlement in unsafe or unfit locations.
Forced return to unsafe areas.
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How they are resettled?
Government undertakes many
organizations to resettle the displaced.
Some private or semi-private
organizations, referred to as Non
Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
also take fruitful steps.
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1) The Directorate General
Resettlement. (DGR)
An Interservice organization functioning
directly under the Ministry Of Defence.
Numerous retired personnel from the
Armed Forces are rehabilitated in useful
and productive ventures.
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2) Office of Refugee Resettlement
ORR takes many constructive as well
as creative measures among refugees.
ORR is located in US.
Build and bridge cultural and
information gaps to ensure that therefugees get needed care.
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3) Interservice Institution for
Ex-service men resettlement.
Undertakes the resettlement of Ex service menby providing re-employment in the organizedsector or through self employment.
At the Centre, the Ex-Servicemen Welfare Wing
acts.The central government provides :
1) Training programs to re-orient retiringdefence personnel towards Civil employment.
2) Reservation of posts for providing re-employment chances in Govt./ Semi Govt./public sector organizations.
3) Schemes for self-employment.
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4) Resettlement Plans.
Under ADBs policy on InvoluntaryResettlement, Govts. or NGOs shallsubmit a satisfactory Resettlement Plan.
The 11 elements of a satisfactoryResettlement Plan are:
1) Organizational responsibilities.
2) Community participation and
integration with host population.3) Socio- economic Survey.
4) Legal framework.
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5) Identification of alternative sites and
selection.
6) Valuation of; and compensation for; lostassets.
7) Land ownership, tenure, acquisition and
transfer.
8) Access to training, employment and credit.
9) Shelter, infrastructure and social services.
10) Environmental protection and
management.
11) Implementation schedule, monitoring and
evaluation.
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In case of Sardar Sarovar Project, GujaratGovernment is formulating its policy through variousgovernment resolutions. It has decided that each landedoustee shall be entitled to allotment of irrigable land in thestate which he chooses for his resettlement. The area of theland would be equal to that owned by him earlier and theminimum land given to an oustee would be 2 hectares.However, there are problems of landless oustees and thosenatives who were cultivating forest land. The cut-off date foridentifying an adult son in a family has not been fixed. It isimportant since the adult son is to be treated as a separatefamily. The people of 20 submerged villages in Gujarat havebeen resettled at different locations leading to disintegrationof joint families.
CASE STUDIES
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The case of Pong Dam is different. The dam wasconstructed on Beas River in Himachal Pradesh in 1960,while it was a part of Punjab. The water is harnessed toirrigate Rajasthan. Rajasthan, therefore, agreed to provideland to the oustees in the command area of Indira GandhiCanal. However, to carry Beas Water to Rajasthan, anotherdam had to be built adding 20,722 more families that weredisplaced and had to be resettled by Rajasthan. Out of30,000 families uprooted due to Pong dam, only 16,000were considered eligible for allotment, as only they werebonafide cultivators for whom 2.25 lakh acre land wasearmarked. What happened to the rest of the 14,000families is not answered. Punjab which is one of thebeneficiaries of the dam is totally out of the rehabilitationissue. Only Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh are trying tosettle the matter. Even those who have been settled, theyare in resettlement sites in desert bordering Pakistan, morethan thousand kilometers from their native place, thusbreaking their kinship ties.
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Expand your heart........Think...........ont they- the dispossessed- toohave the right to live in this world?Just keep this in mind..... They also havethe right to breathe the same air that weinhale.So be active in providing theRehabilitation and Resettlement for thedisplaced.....
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THANK YOU