Système de management de la qualité IRSN certifié
REGULATORY CHALLENGES IN RELATION TO URANIUM LEGACY IN FRANCE
Système de management de la qualité IRSN certifié
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US)
August 21-24, 2012
Presented by Marie-Odile GALLERAND & Jérôme GUILLEVIC
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Content
Short presentation of IRSN
The French situation regarding nuclear activities / focus on uranium mining
The French regulation
Technical issues relative to uranium post-mining activities
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Role
Public expert body in charge of the scientific and technical assessment related to nuclear and radiological risks
Expertise is based on research
Short presentation of IRSN
Key features
Public body reporting to 5 ministers: Environment, Industry, Health, Defence, Research
Research, expertise and public service mission
1,675 specialists: researcher, doctors, post-doctoral students
A budget of 290 M€, financed up to 82% by public funding
11 locations in France, including 3 major sites: Clamart/Fontenay-aux-Roses, Cadarache, Le Vésinet
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
The French situation regarding nuclear activities with a focus on uranium mining
The French situation regarding nuclear activities
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
The French nuclear background An historic and political Choice after the 2nd world war
A strategic choice for energy independence and for military reasons
The complete fuel cycle
Nuclear question is a very sensitive issue Problem of transparency and Public information (Tchernobyl syndrom) Perception of danger Democratic choice of Energy
The French situation regarding nuclear activities
COMURHEX
EURODIF
Centrale
nucléaire
EDF
Concentré d’oxyde d’uranium
Autunite
Site minier
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
FUEL CYCLE FACILITIES WASTE REPOSITORIES LABORATORIES REACTORS
LA HAGUE
FLAMANVILLE
BRENNILIS (Monts d’Arrée)
MANCHE
PENLY
GRAVELINES
CHOOZ PALUEL
FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES SACLAY
NOGENT AUBE
CHINON
St- LAURENT DAMPIERRRE
STRASBOURG
FESSENHEIM
CIVAUX
LE BLAYAIS
BUGEY
CATTENOM
BELLEVILLE
CADARACHE
TRICASTIN CRUAS
ROMANS
GRENOBLE CREIS-MALVILLE
MARCOULE GOLFECH
St- ALBAN VEUREY
300 MW
MAUBEUGE
IN SERVICE
REACTORS REP 900 Mwe 1300 Mwe 1400 Mwe
GAZ COOLED
REACTOR HEAVY WATER
DECOMMISSIONED UNIT
FAST NEUTRONS
BASIC NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
The French situation as regards nuclear activities
Basic Nuclear Installation 58 Pressurized water reactors 25 Fuel cycle facilities 21 Other reactors 15 Effluent and waste treatment plants 13 Laboratories, maintenance facilities 11 Accelerators, irradiators 4 Declassified units 2 Fast neutron reactors 2 Waste repositories
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
ORGANISATIONS PLAYING AN ACTIVE PART IN NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
Operators (EDF, CEA, AREVA...)
Processing contractors (SOCODEI, AREVA...)
Interim storage or disposal centre operators (CEA, EDF, ANDRA...)
Organisations responsible for research and development (CEA, ANDRA...)
Each entity is responsible for the safety of its own activities
The French situation as regards nuclear activities
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES August 2012 Grand Junction Workshop 8
NANTES
PARIS
BORDEAUX
LYON
MARSEILLE
STRASBOURG
BASTIA
LODEVE
LE BERNARDAN
M E RM E D I T E R R A N E E
OC
EA
NA
TL
AN
TIC
UE
M A N C H E
0 50 100 150 200 Km
LA BESSE
BERTHOLENE
LIGNOL
PEN AR RAN L'ECARPIERELA COMMANDERIE
TEUFELSLOCHET SCHAENTZEL
BAUZOTGUEUGNON
BOIS NOIRSLIMOUZATROPHIN
St PIERREdu CANTAL
LES BONDONSLE CELLIER
LES PIERRESPLANTEES
RIBIERE
BELLEZANELE FRAISSEFANAY
BESSINESMONTMASSACROT
MARGNAC
AREVA/NC
NANTES
PARIS
BORDEAUX
LYON
MARSEILLE
STRASBOURG
BASTIA
LODEVE
LE BERNARDAN
M E RM E D I T E R R A N E E
OC
EA
NA
TL
AN
TIC
UE
M A N C H E
0 50 100 150 200 Km
LA BESSE
BERTHOLENE
LIGNOL
PEN AR RAN L'ECARPIERELA COMMANDERIE
TEUFELSLOCHET SCHAENTZEL
BAUZOTGUEUGNON
BOIS NOIRSLIMOUZATROPHIN
St PIERREdu CANTAL
LES BONDONSLE CELLIER
LES PIERRESPLANTEES
RIBIERE
BELLEZANELE FRAISSEFANAY
BESSINESMONTMASSACROT
MARGNAC
AREVA/NC
230 mine sites
Working period : 1945 -1995
76 000 tons of U
17 tailings disposals
Tailings :~ 50 000 000 tons
Rehabilitation work period : 1980 – 2001+
A focus on uranium mining in France Current situation
The French situation regarding nuclear activities
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
The French regulation Overview of the French regulatory framework and organisation Regulation in effect concerning uranium mining and post-mining activities The recent circular dated July 2009 requiring the continuation of the management of the
former uranium mine sites
The French regulation
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
THE REGULATORY PYRAMID Legislative
domain
Executive authorities
Industry Standards system
Regulatory domain
Parliament
Design and construction rules Codes and standards
Option letters Basic safety rules (RFS)
Laws
Decrees Ministerial orders
Circulars
Codes
The French regulation Overview of the French regulatory framework and organisation Regulatory framework
The Mining code The Environmental code The Public Health code ….
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
DESIGNERS BUILDERS
Authorizations Checks
Reports
GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES ASN/DSNR, ministry of environment
OPERATOR
EVALUATION IRSN
RESEARCH ASSESSMENT
The French regulation Overview of the French regulatory framework and organisation Regulatory framework
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Autunite Mining site
BNI regulation Framework : All the installations of the fuel cycle
AUTHORITIES : Nuclear safety Authority (ASN)
ICPE regulation Framework : Repositories
Mining code regulation Framework : Mines
AUTHORITIES : Ministry of environment and ASN
The French regulation Overview of the French regulatory framework and organisation Regulatory framework
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
The French regulation Overview of the French regulatory framework and organisation Regulation in effect concerning uranium mining and post-mining activities The recent circular dated July 2009 requiring the continuation of the management of the
former uranium mine sites
The French regulation
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Laws and decrees
Authorities : Ministry of Environment and Nuclear Safety Authority
Public Health code
Mining code
Environment code
Licence and site-specific regulatory requirements
Authorities : Prefect of region, local technical support organisation (DRIRE/DREAL)
National level
Local level
The French regulation Regulation in effect concerning uranium mining and post-mining activities Uranium mining and milling regulatory framework
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Exploitation
Rehabilitation
Exploration
Treatment ORES Yellow cake
Mill taillings
site ICPE
ICPE
Mining code
Environment code
Public Health code
The French regulation Regulation in effect concerning uranium mining and post-mining activities Uranium mining and milling regulatory framework
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
At national level
The mining code
Set the rules for Uranium ore mining works and facilities Is complemented by two decrees
1980 General Rules applicable to mining and quarrying industries (RGIE)
1990 Specifies technical rules relative to environmental protection : management of radioactive materials ; discharge authorisation ; environment monitoring and control
completed by additional requirements : the Environment Code (for ICPE) the Public Health Code (protection of the population)
based on EURATOM directive and include the (ICRP) principles
At local level National regulations give rise to compliant local regulations taken
by the local authorities (Prefect)
The French regulation Regulation in effect concerning uranium mining and post-mining activities Uranium mining and milling regulatory framework
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Tailings disposals ENVNT
CODE :
I C P E
Mining sites
Suspension of mining operations (application file submitted by the operator)
End of the mining claim
Start : Mining license (for research, exploration and mining),
Decree (ministry)
MI N I
N
G
CODE
site
Renouncement to the concession by the operator
The French regulation Regulation in effect concerning uranium mining and post-mining activities Uranium mining and milling regulatory framework
Rehabilitation and survey
Local Authority order
Start : Authorisation :impact studies, administrative instructions
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Document required for any modification of on site industrial activities
study analysing the impact of the project on the environment.
the initial state of the site and of the environment the direct/indirect, temporary /permanent effects of the facility on the
environment the reasons for which, the project was selected among possible solutions the planned measures to reduce or compensate any inconvenience
induced by the facility
a risk analysis, (description of likely accidents due to potential external causes) ;
a management plan to limit the radiological impact on the environment ;
a monitoring plan.
The French regulation Regulation in effect concerning uranium mining and post-mining activities Uranium mining and milling regulatory framework
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Evolution of the regulation In 1980 and 1993, and 1999 ministry of environment issued several
documents to define fundamental concepts applicable to the final closure of mill tailings disposals and give the objectives and technical requirements for long term
in 2001, in support of the recommandations of the ministry methodological documents have been prepared by institutional technical supports (IRSN and BRGM)
Méthodologie d’évaluation de la stabilité des digues à
stériles uranifères -Application à deux sites
pilotes
2001
Méthodologie d’évaluation de la stabilité des digues à
stériles uranifères -Application à deux sites
pilotes
2001
Expertise de la méthode COGEMA d’identification et de
caractérisation des groupes de référence associés aux
anciens sites miniers
2001
Expertise de la méthode COGEMA d’identification et de
caractérisation des groupes de référence associés aux
anciens sites miniers
2001
Regulation in effect concerning uranium mining and post-mining activities Uranium mining and milling regulatory framework
The French regulation
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
A new circular dated July, 2009, signed jointly by ASN (the Safety Authority) and the Ministry of the Environment, relative to the management of the former uranium mines in France
Define a plan of actions to pursue the management of the former uranium mines
Address to the local authorities (DRIRE)
Involve many actors (operator, IRSN…)
1. Control the former sites
2. Improve the knowledge of the environmental and health impact and improve monitoring programs
3. Manage the waste rock transferred to the public domain : purpose and impact assessment if necessary
4. Strengthen information and dialogue
Regulation in effect concerning uranium mining and post-mining activities Uranium mining and milling regulatory framework
Evolution of the regulation
The French regulation
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Aim : overhauls in depth the legal framework applicable to nuclear activities and their control, by
creating ASN as an independent administrative authority and including several improvements regarding transparency
Content and basic principles : Prevention, precaution, public participation and the polluter-pays Consolidation of the major radiation-protection principles: justification, optimisation and limitation Statement concerning the fundamental principle involving the primary responsibility of operators with regard to the daily safety of their facilities (a clarification of operators and the regulatory authority of their respective responsibilities).
The TSN Act (Nuclear Transparency and Security act ……….)
In 2006, the French government decided to reinforce the regulation regarding transparency and public information through the TSN Act
Regulation in effect concerning uranium mining and post-mining activities Uranium mining and milling regulatory framework
The French regulation
Evolution of the regulation
AIEA RLS Workshop – Grand Junction (Colorado, US) August 21-24, 2012 - REGULATORY CHALLENGES
There is still an owner (and responsible) for most of the sites : easier for management of those sites and memory
A structured (but complex) regulation (national and local) adapted to the situation and operational staff (visit and inspections)
Necessary evolution of the regulation in relation to the activities and the issues (mining or rehabilitation works, increase of the knowledge, and social demand)
Feedback experience,
technical analysis
The French regulation : Key points
Is it enough ? Sure No : a lot to learn and do ! (Long
term issues, public information….)
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