“REGIONAL PLANNING, FACTORS AND LAYOUT OF
AIRPORT”
Civil Engineering DepartmentShree Swami Aatmanand Saraswati Institute Of Technology,
Surat .
Presentation Entitled
Presented ByJariwala Khushboo A.
CONTENTBackground study
Definition of regional planning- Objectives
- Advantages
- Information required for regional planning
Factors affecting airport site selection
Airport layout
BACKGROUND STUDYAirport planning can be divided into two categories;
airport system planning and individual airport planning. Airport
system planning deals with the interaction between airports, as
well as the planning of airports at a regional or national level.
Such planning is required for national or state wide funding
schedules that support airport development and for ensuring a
systematic approach to the allocation of funding among the
many eligible airports. It also covers the management of
multiple airports in a large metropolitan region.
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As for the second category, comprehensive planning for
the development of a specific airport is usually included in an
airport master plan. Such a master plan is a list of
comprehensive concepts for long-term development of an
existing airport or construction of a new airport and presents
the complete development concepts, utilizing graphical
representation where appropriate, and the data and rationale
upon which the plan is based.
WHAT IS REGIONAL PLANNING...???
An overall planning of airports for all the regions of a
country is called “regional planning”.
The planning of an airport should be done considering
the traffic needs of the nation as a whole rather than an
individual locality.
the regional planning airport system plan is a
representation of the aviation facilities required to meet the
immediate and future transportation needs of the country and
their timely and orderly development.
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Regional planning recommands the general location and
characteristics of new airports and nature of expansion for
existing airports.
It relates the airport system planning to the policy and
coordinate transportation planning for the area, land use
planning and urban development, to establish a viable
integrated network of airports ar the national level.
OBJECTIVES OF REGIONAL PLANNING
1. To develop a balanced regional multi-
modal transportation system plan, with
coordinated airport facilities.
2. To provide a framework for individual
airport development programme
consistent with short, intermediate and
long term airport system requirements.
3. To implement zoning laws in the areas
where new airports are needed in
future.
4. To develop fiscal plans and establish appropriate priorities for airport
financing in short and long term government budgeting.
5. To optimize the use of land and airspace and preserve the existing
airport facilities which are consistent with overall objectives of the
long term planning.
6. To protect and enhance the environment through the location and
expansion of aviation facilities.
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ADVANTAGES OF REGIONAL PLANNING It enables to implement the zoning laws in the areas where the new
airports are coming up in future.
There is proper coordination of airports.
The efficiency of airports in handling the air traffic is greatly
increased.
It avoids close spacing of airports.
It helps in preservation of environment.
Intrusion of acceptable noise levels and air pollution into the
community area are avoided.
It is possible to optimise land use and air space through regional
planning.
INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR THE REGIONAL PLANNING
The planning period
Population
Geography and topography of the area
Existing airports in the vicinity
Air traffic characteristics
Development of new airports
Ownership and operation of airports
FACTORS AFFECTING AIRPORT SITE SELECTION
1. Regional plan
2. Airport use
3. Presence of other airports
4. Topography of the area’
5. Ground accesibility
6. Obstructions
7. Visibility
8. Wind
9. Noise nuisance
10. Geological factors
11. Environmental factors
12. Future development
13. Availability of construction
material
14. Availability of utilities
15. Social considerations
16. Economic considerations
17. Avoiding hazards
AIRPORT LAYOUT
The airport layout plan is a graphical representation to
scale of existing and proposed airport facilities, their
locations on the airport and the pertinent clearance and
dimensional information.
It gives the configuration of runways, taxiways and
aprons and should set aside area for terminal facilities.
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An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing
aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land. Aircraft may be
stored or maintained at an airport. An airport consists of at least
one surface such as runway for a plane to take off and land,
a helipad, or water for takeoffs and landings, and often includes
buildings such as control towers, hangars and terminal buildings.
AIRPORT LAYOUT PLAN SHOWS THE FOLLOWING DETAILS
1. Runways, taxiways, aprons, shoulders, buildings navigational aids, parking areas, roads, pipelines, fences, drainage facilities, wind indicator, beacons.
2. Prominent natural and man made features such as trees, streams ponds, rocks, outcrops, ditches, rail roads, power lines, etc.
3. Airport boundries, township corners and bench marks.4. Approach zone, clear zone, indicating height and location of
controlling objects.5. Existing ground contours.6. Areas reserved for existing and future aviation development and
services such as heliport, cargo facilities, maintenance areas.7. Airport reference point with latitude and longitude given.8. Fueling facilities.9. North direction and true azimuth of runways measured from true
north.
TYPICAL AIRPORT LAYOUTS
The layout of an airport mainly depends on the basic
configurations of the runways.
The other airport elements are then correlated in
such a fashion that an integrated layout is developed
living smooth flow of traffic, keeping the taxi distances
to a minimum, providing shortest route for the
passengers, etc.
1. Runway 2. Terminal Building 3. Apron4. Taxiway5. Aircraft Stand6. Hanger7. Control Tower8. Parking
COMPONENT PARTS OF AN AIRPORT LAYOUT
1. RunwaysA runway is the area where an aircraft lands or takes off. It can be grass, or packed dirt, or a hard surface such as asphalt or concrete. Runways have special markings on them to help a pilot in the air to tell that it is a runway (and not a road) and to help them when they are landing or taking off. Runway markings are white.Most runways have numbers on the end. The number is the runway's compass direction. (For example, runway numbered 36 would be pointing north or 360 degrees). Some airports have more than one runway going in the same direction, so they add letters to the end of the number R for right, C for center, and L for left. The other end of the runway is pointing in the opposite direction, so it gets a different number. The runway called 36 would be called 18 (for 180 degrees) if you were looking at it from the other end.
2. Terminal BuildingsAlso known as airport terminal, these buildings are the spaces where passengers board or alight from flights. These buildings house all the necessary facilities for passengers to check-in their luggage, clear the customs and have lounges to wait before disembarking. The terminals can house cafes, lounges and bars to serve as waiting areas for passengers. Ticket counters, luggage check-in or transfer, security checks and customs are the basics of all airport terminals. Large airports can have more than one terminal that are connected to one another through link ways such as walkways, sky-bridges or trams. Smaller airports usually have only one terminal that houses all the required facilities.
3. ApronsAircraft aprons are the areas where the aircraft park. Aprons are also sometimes called ramps. They vary in size, from areas that may hold five or ten small planes, to the very large areas that the major airports have. Unlike the runways or taxiways, vehicles can use aprons. Your work may require you to drive on an apron. If so, be very careful in these areas. Watch out for aircraft that are moving and yield the right of way to them. Don't assume the pilot will see you and stop - he or she may be busy with other things like radio communications or checking the aircraft instruments. Every year there are many accidents involving vehicles and aircraft that result in property damage, personal injury, and in some cases, death. Don't let this happen to you! Your airport Executive Director has established rules for driving a vehicle on the airport - get a copy and read and obey them. The rules are there for your safety as well as the safety of the aircraft pilot and passengers.
4. Taxiway A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and other facilities. They mostly have hard surface such as asphalt or concrete, although smaller airports sometimes use gravel or grass. 5. Aircraft Stand A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft stands only.
5. Aircraft Stand A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft stands only.
7. Control Tower A tower at an airfield from which air traffic is controlled by radio and observed physically and by radar. 8. ParkingParking is a specific area of airport at which vehicles park
TYPES OF AIRPORT LAYOUT...
1. Single runway
2. Two parallel runway
3. Three intersecting runways
4. Tangential runways
SINGLE RUNWAY AIRPORT
Two parallel runways
Three intersecting runways
THANK YOU
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