7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
1/39
Gasification:A process common to all
biomass stoves
A presentation at the
2004 ETHOS meeting
Thomas B. Reed, Agua Das, and Paul S. Anderson
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
2/39
Holistic Cooking
The Solution to World Cooking must beHOLISTIC and Tailored to each country
Must satisfy the cook
Must use locally available fuels
Must satisfy world needs
Must use local manufacturing
Must fit local customs
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
3/39
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
4/39
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
5/39
Pyrolysis Cloud protects char
A Char particle (solid carbon) can neither burn norbe gasified while it is shrouded by outpouringpyrolysis gases and vapors from the interior of theraw biomass. It remains black.
Once pyrolysis is complete, then char can begin toglow, making possible the char gasification
process.
At very high heat inputs or turbulence, gasificationaround the particle edges causes simultaneous
pyrolysis and gasification SPG
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
6/39
The Typical Yield Of Pyrolysis:
1/3 Char 1/3 Burnable Vapors/Tars
(condensable at ambient temp.)
1/3 Permanent Gases
(CO, CO2, H2, CH4, N2)
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
7/39
The second part isCHAR gasification
C + O2 CO2 + Heat
Heat + CO2 + C
2COHeat +H2O +C CO+H2
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
8/39
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
9/39
Cocurrent Gasification=air and
gas move the same direction PrimaryAir passes through non burning fuel to the
flame front
Air is available at the site of pyrolysis
Then vapors/tars will be burned by the air withhigh heat release rapidly pyrolyzing wood to char
Any hot combustion gases above 700C react
quickly with the freshly produced char via chargasification to produce low tar CO and H2 gasesavailable for secondary combustion.
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
10/39
Threefold path to improved
stoves
Gasification Secondary combustion
Heat utilization
Improved stoves better separate and
accommodate the conflicting needs of thesethree vital functions of all solid fueledstoves.
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
11/39
Gasification that is remotefrom the combustion of the gases
has existed for decades in severalformats, such as powering internal
combustion engines.
During WWII over a million vehicles were
powered by WOOD.
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
12/39
WWII Gasifier Vehicles
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
13/39
WWII GASIFIERS
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
14/39
The gasification process can alsobe close-coupled to the
combustion process.
The gases are separated from solids
Provided with secondary air Provided with ignition
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
15/39
The Turbo Stove
Th T b St
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
16/39
Pot
PotSupport
SecondaryAir
JetsGas
PrimaryAir
Adjust
Flaming
Combustion
Charcoal
ForcedAir
The Turbo Stove
8
Insulation
3kW Forced Convection Wood-Gas Stove Module
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
17/39
Comparative Stove Test
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
18/39
Wood-Gas Stove Assembly
4 kW
1 kW
Insert Cooking Modules in Stove Counter
Power Supply Options PV-Solar Home System
Local electric supply
PV module
Car or motorcycle battery
Hand power
Thermo-electric generator Thermal - PV
Spring motor
Air Supply Options 12 V blower (1 watt)
steam ejector
bellows
inflatable tube
spring blowerAir Controls
Wood-Gas Stove assembly
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
19/39
Savings of Fuel Wood With New Wood-Gas Stove
A Meal Cooked With:
Traditional Wood Fire StoveNew Wood-Gas Stove
10 X More Wood
.250 kg wood 2.5 kg wood
Fuel Savings
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
20/39
Starting Point
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
21/39
Kitchen with flue
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
22/39
Turbo Stove in Kitchen
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
23/39
Ward
Ward , Colorado
Three burner wood gas stove
Individually adjustable burnersRemovable tincanium fuel
magazines have lasted 3 years
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
24/39
Gasification: A New Stove
Capability
Permits proper air fuel ratios premixing and the
CLEAN combustion this gives you.
More compact, lighter, and smaller than equivalentwood stoves (see the WoodGas Camp Stove)
Uses significantly less fuel than traditional stoves
Uses a wide variety of biomass fuels
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
25/39
Gasifier Stove Options
Natural draft/forced draft Inverted downdraft/Top lit/Charcoal Making
Tar burning, char making
(downdraft=cocurrent)
Char burning, tar making
(updraft=countercurrent) Batch fed/ Continuous operating
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
26/39
GASIFICATIONof biomass permits
(and works best) with
accurate AIR/FUEL ratiosand pre-mixing for clean
combustion.
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
27/39
The science of gasifier stoves(and of all stoves)
requiresappropriate measurements
and abilities to regulated
the stoves
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
28/39
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
29/39
THE DWYER GAUGE
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
30/39
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
31/39
Pitot Tube and Gauge
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
32/39
Creating gases separately also
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
33/39
Creating gases separately also
facilitates additional uses, such asnew forms of lighting.
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
34/39
Reading by wood gas light
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
35/39
Paul Anderson Briquetting
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
36/39
Bagasse Pellets
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
37/39
Enjira Cooking in Ethiopia
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
38/39
THE SIERRA STOVE
7/31/2019 reeddasandersongasification
39/39
TURBO TEA STOVE