REDUCINGREDUCINGWATER FOWATER FOOF AGRICOF AGRICCHARBEL RIZKLWPLWPIBEF 2016
G THEG THE OOTPRINTOOTPRINT ULTUREULTURE
AGRICULTURE AN
USES 60‐70% OF THE NAUSES 60‐70% OF THE NA
POLLUTES WATER BODIES THUS
Reducing the water footprint of agriculture (use aand industrial availability and will also increase th
ND WATER
ATIONAL WATER BUDGETATIONAL WATER BUDGET
S REDUCES WATER AVAILABILITY
and pollution) will positively impact domestic he irrigable lands.
REDUCING THE WFOOTPRINT OF A
• Using efficient irrigation systems.
• Growing crops through alternative agricultu• Growing crops through alternative agricultupollution and/or yield more crop per drop.
• Irrigating with non-conventional water: harv
• Treating agriculture waste: wastewater treat
• All or different combinations of above
WATER AGRICULTURE
ure systems that reduce water consumption and ure systems that reduce water consumption and
vested water, treated graywater and wastewater.
ment with reuse and/or biogas production
SUCCESS FACTOREFFICIENT IRRIGATEFFICIENT IRRIGAT(AGRICULTURE AND
• Determining plant/crop water requirements
• Selection of best suited most efficient irrigatio• Selection of best suited, most efficient irrigatio
• Properly sizing the system components
• Scheduling irrigationScheduling irrigation
• Using automated control and monitoring equip
• Proper system installation and leakage preventp y g p
• Metering water consumption
S ENSURING TIONTION D LANDSCAPE)
n emitter (drip 95% AE)n emitter (drip 95% AE)
pment
ion
SOILLESS AGRIC(HYDROPONICS/A
• Water saving up to 10 times compared to conv
• Crops/plants grown in nutrient solution film or• Crops/plants grown in nutrient solution film or
• Growth under plastic or glass cover
• Drainage water recycled Drainage water recycled
• Highly controlled environment (temp, humidity
CULTURE AQUAPONICS)
ventional agriculture (one study)
r inert substrate (growbags) and no soil r inert substrate (growbags) and no soil
y, CO2, light)
SOILLESS AGRIC(HYDROPONICS/A
• Reduced use of pesticides in sealed greenhouse
• High yield quantity and quality per surface area• High yield quantity and quality per surface area
• Can be installed on degraded lands and on con
• In some cases high energy consumption (can bIn some cases, high energy consumption (can b
CULTURE AQUAPONICS)
es
a (reduced land use)a (reduced land use)
ncrete surfaces
be offset with RE)be offset with RE)
SYSTEM COMPO
• Automated sealed greenhouse or glasshouse
• Automatic fertigation (fertilization and irrigatio• Automatic fertigation (fertilization and irrigatio
• Drainage solution recycling system (UV disinfe
• Automatic environment control system with wAutomatic environment control system with w
• Fertigation network and accessories (valves, ga
• Crop growing system: liquid or substrate basedp g g y q
NENTS
on) control systemon) control system
ction)
weather station weather station
ages, emitters,…)
d
SYSTEM COMPO
• Mist system
• Heaters and heating system • Heaters and heating system
• Air circulation fans
• Plant growing accessories Plant growing accessories
• Greenhouse operations equipment (trollies)
NENTS
SUCCESS FACTOSOILLESS AGRIC
• Proper greenhouse selection and design
• Crop planting program Crop planting program
• Irrigation system design as above taking into cogrowth
F d d h d• Fertigation program and system design with dr
• Water quality testing
• Environment control design (heating lighting CEnvironment control design (heating, lighting, C
• Energy load requirements and energy source
ORS FOR CULTURE
onsideration requirements for soilless covered
l rainage recycling
CO2)CO2)
IRRIGATING WITHCONVENTIONAL Reduces reliance on renewable or fossil surface needs)
2 main options
◦ Harvested water
◦ Treated graywater and wastewater
H NON-WATER.and ground water (reduces pumping energy
HARVESTED WATFrom watersheds with storage in hill lakes(deterainfall intensity and rainfall)
From greenhouse tops with storage into cisternmultiplied annual rainfall depth taking away loss
From roof tops on farm structures with storagesurface multiplied by the annual rainfall depth tsurface multiplied by the annual rainfall depth t
The storage capacity is a factor of supply and us
TERermine yearly yield a factor of area of watershed,
ns (the yield is approx. the area between gutters ses)
e into cisterns (the yield is approximately the roofaking away losses)aking away losses)
sage difference over a time period
TREATED GRAYWWASTEWATERReusing treated wastewater for irrigating crops tapply)
Fertilizers are available in the treated wastewate
Adds around 3‐5 % to the water budget
Quality standards apply as per Lebanese regula
WATER AND
that are not eaten raw (Lebanese standards
er N and P
ations and norms
SUCCESS FACTOIRRIGATING WITHGRAYWATER OR Test the influent water quality from the wastewaquality standards
Select appropriate treatment system
Possibility to mix treated wastewater with fresh
Apply Lebanese laws, regulations and standards
ORS FOR H TREATED WASTEWATER ater treatment plant and treat to reach required
water
s
OPTIONS Reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides throsoil tests
Treating waste from animal production and dairyfrom production structure)from production structure)
ough proper dosing using fertigation systems and
y industry (manure, milk whey, water streams
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