Rainer Friedrich, Sandra Torras Ortiz, Ganlin Huang
Institute for Energy Economics and the rational Use of Energy – University Stuttgart, Germany
Jouni T. Tuomisto, Marjo Niittynen
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
City Partners
WP 2 Energy
● Work Package Energy
i. Energy balance
ii. Energy scenarios for future years
● Results
i. Traffic interventions
ii. Biomass (Pellets) use in domestic heating
● Lessons learned
Outline
Energy balance
Main goal:
To analyse specific urban GHG policies regarding their expected influence on health by emission reduction, changes in energy demand and supply
International energy market
Fuel oil
Coal
Electricity
Heat
Energy carrier supply
Final Energy Demand
Gas
biomass
Refineries
Biomass conversion
Biomass production
Power Plants and electricity distribution
Combined Heat and Power Plants (CHP) & District heating plants
Gas distribution
Energy services
Energy balance
Energy balanceat a City level
Stuttgart
Basel
Energy balanceat a City level
Energy scenarios for future years
Regional Coverage Pan-European TIMES Model
The model illustrates the whole energy system of the different member states of the EU-27 plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland
Energy scenarios for the years 2020-2025
8
Germany
Switzerland
Stuttgart –Traffic interventions
Traffic interventions analysed:
●Introduction of a congestion charge in the City of Stuttgart: The amount of 0.10 € is raised per kilometer driven by passenger car
●Extension of parking management: expansion of parking management in the districts surrounding the city center of Stuttgart.
●Improved public transport: light rail frequency in the off-peak times is increased
●Improved cycling network
●Combined scenario
What are the expected human health impacts related to traffic interventions compared to the business as usual (BAU) scenario for the
year 2025?
Stuttgart –Traffic interventions
Reduction on Traffic Emissions and fuel use in BAU 2025
compared to Baseline 2010
Stuttgart –Traffic interventions
Reduction on Traffic Emissions and fuel use for each intervention
compared to BAU 2025
Stuttgart - Pellet boilers scenarios I
● Business as Usual (BAU) Scenario: pellet boilers are installed throughout the entire city of Stuttgart with growth rates similar to historical growth rates (2001-2008).
● Ban on Burning Scenario (BB): pellet boilers are not installed within the Stuttgart city
center, but only in the outer districts.
● Substantial Growth Scenario (SG): pellet boilers are installed throughout the entire city
of Stuttgart with growth rates as expected by the DEPV (German Wood and Pellets
Fuel Association) which estimates 1 million units by 2020 in Germany.
What are the expected human health impacts related to the increasing use of wood pellets in Stuttgart?
Ban on burning Substantial growth
Stuttgart - Pellet boilers scenarios II
Number of pellet boilers in Stuttgart (2025)
Stuttgart - Pellet boilers scenarios III
CO2 emissions change due to replacement of traditional energy (Stuttgart mix) with
biomass. Total CO2 associated to the household sector ca. 450 Thousand tons.
Average filter technology was assumed, newer filter technology could decrease particulate
matter substantially (around 40-70% lower emissions)
DALYS: Disability Adjusted Life Years
Greenhouse Gas Balances
Greenhouse gas emissions produced in the preparation of raw material for pellets made of industrial wood residues and forest wood residues (Source: BioEnergieDat, 2012)
CO
2 eq
/MJ
Lessons learned
Energy substitution in domestic heating
●Pellet boilers contribute to reduce CO2 emissions by replacing fossil energy sources at a global scale. However, at a local scale, higher particulate matter emissions could be associated to additional local human health impacts.
●Significant differences in wood pellets concerning their up- and down stream CO2 emissions.
Traffic
●Interventions in the traffic sector account for small reductions at a local scale. In the specific case of Stuttgart, the emission reductions may not justify the large effort needed to implement the interventions.
Human health assessment to be completed within the next months
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