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Radio 2016 – Practical Considerations, Future Expectations
Future Expectations
David H. LayerSenior Director, Advanced Engineering
National Association of BroadcastersWashington, DC
March 2016
FM band in Washington, DC
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23 stations18 digital (78%)
46 audio programs
DIGITAL ANALOG88 MHz 108 MHz20 MHz wide
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Radio in 2015
• FM digital radio is increasingly relevant
• AM radio is challenged on all fronts
• Hybrid radio usage and availability isgrowing
• Audio streaming is popular but notprofitable
• Mobile broadband is reaching into theautomobile, more competition for radio
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Today’s presentation
• Background on myself, NAB, IEEE BTS
• Digital radio
• Hybrid radio
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National Association of Broadcasters
• Largest U.S. trade associationfor free over-the-air broadcasters
• Departments include:– Conventions
– Communications
– Radio, TV membership
– Legal
– Government relations
– Technology
April 16-21, 2016
September 21–23, 2016
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National Association of Broadcasters
6www.nab.org
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7
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NAB Technology department
• CTO, 7 full-time engineers, support staff of 6
• Provide technical support to other NAB departments
• Technical programs at NAB events
• Current activities:–PILOT (formerly NAB Labs)
–ATSC 3.0 development
–FM chips in smartphones
–EAS
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PILOT
11www.nabpilot.org
About me
• Senior director, advanced engineering
• With NAB since August 1995
• Previously with COMSAT Laboratories,worked on digital communications hardware
• Current areas of focus:–Radio regulatory issues (LPFM, AM revitalization)
–Manage radio technology committees (NABRTC, NRSC)
–Manage NAB Labs technology projects
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IEEE Broadcast Technology Society
• One of the technical societies & councils you can join as an IEEE member–16 chapters
–Approx. 2000 members
• BTS DistinguishedLecturer (DL) programfunded today’s talk
13bts.ieee.org
IEEE Broadcast Technology Society
• Producer of two technical symposia:–IEEE Broadcast
Symposium
–IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB) (Summer event)
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IEEE Broadcast Technology Society
• Produce technical content for NAB Show and IBC
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IEEE Broadcast Technology Society
• Two publications:–IEEE
Transactions onBroadcasting
–IEEE BroadcastTechnology
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IEEE Broadcast Technology Society
• Awards programs including:–Scott Helt award – best transactions paper
–Matti Siukola award – best Broadcast Symposium paper
–Jules Cohen Outstanding Engineering Achievement award
• Join the BTS!–Talk to us about the benefits of membership
–Use Promotion Code: CMRBT240
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Broadcasting in the U.S.
• Broadcast station totalsDecember 31, 2015
• Newest service – LPFM
• FM translators are ingreat demand–Multicast rebroadcasting
–AM stations can now use
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30%
SOURCE: FCC
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How do broadcasters “go digital?”
Two options:
• New (radio) spectrum allocations–SDARS (XM, Sirius)
–Terrestrial (DAB/DAB+, ISDB-T for radio)
• Existing spectrum allocations–IBRC (in-band/replacement channel)
• ATSC DTV, DRM, ISDB-T for TV
–IBOC (in-band/on-channel)• HD Radio
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Genesis of digital radio
• 1988 – first demonstration of digital radio –World Radio Conference, Geneva
–“Eureka-147” new-band system (E-147)
–Called “DAB” – digital audio broadcasting
–DAB is trademark of E-147
• 1990 – DAB demonstrated in Canada
• 1991 – DAB demonstrated at–NAB Show, Las Vegas (April)
–NAB Radio Show, San Francisco (September)
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Eureka-147 DAB
• “New-band” system does not fit in existing AM or FM bands–1,500 kHz wide vs. 200 kHz (FM), 20 kHz (AM)
–Designed for L-band, high VHF bands
• Multicasting - five or more AM, FM signals per single DAB signal (3x more with DAB+)
• Supports “single frequency networks” (SFNs) – desirable for government broadcasters–Practical due to guard interval
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Single frequency network
• Traditional approach - a single “big stick” which covers entire listening area
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Single frequency network
• SFN replaces (augments) “big stick” with multiple transmitters on same frequency
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Digital radio in the U.S.
• HD Radio hybrid in-band/on-channel (IBOC) digital radio technology is used in North America–Trademark of DTS, Inc. (formerly iBiquity Digital Corporation)
• Developed in 1990s, authorized by FCC in 2002
• FM band system adopted in US, Mexico, being tested in Canada
• AM band system used in US but not very popular
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Hybrid digital FM signal
• About 2000stationsusing hybridFM
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-100 +100 f, kHz+200
ANALOG FMSIGNAL
FCC FMMASK
SIGNALSTRENGTH
-200 Channelcenter
frequency
OFDMSUBCARRIERS(USB)
OFDMSUBCARRIERS
(LSB)
Analog AM signal
• Analog AM:–Plagued by high
levels of noiseand interference
–No datacapability, noteven song titleand artist
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-10 10 f, kHz20Channelcenter
frequency
ANALOG AM SIGNAL
FCC AM MASK
dBc(-10 kHz)
(+20 kHz)(-20 kHz)
(+10 kHz)
-20 -15 -5 5 15
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Hybrid AM signal
• 345 stationslicensed forhybrid AM–227 on-air
(October 2015)
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-10 10 f, kHz20Channelcenter
frequency
ANALOG AM SIGNAL
FCC AM MASK
dBc(-10 kHz)
(+20 kHz)(-20 kHz)
(+10 kHz)
-20 -15 -5 5 15
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
OFDM SUBCARRIERS
PRIMARY
All-digital AM
• Requiresexperimentalauthority
• Not receivableon analogAM radios
• IS receivable onexisting HDRadio receivers
-10 10 f, kHz20Channelcenter
frequency
PRIMARY OFDM CARRIERS
FCC AM MASK
dBc(-10 kHz)
(+20 kHz)(-20 kHz)
(+10 kHz)
-20 -15 -5 5 15
SECONDARY OFDM SUBCARRIERS
SECONDARY OFDM SUBCARRIERS
TERTIARY OFDMSUBCARRIERS
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• FM hybrid IBOC system –up to 144 kbps
• Can be configured inmany different ways
2924 48 72 960 120 144 kbps
BASIC SERVICE
MULTICASTMAIN CHANNEL AUDIO
MAIN CHAN
HD-2
HD-2 HD-3
HYBRIDEXTENDED
HYBRID
MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 HD-4
MULTICASTWITH DATA
MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1 DATA 2
MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 DATA 1
MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 HD-4 HD-5
MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 DATA 1
MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1 DATA 2
MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1 HD-3
MAIN CHANNEL AUDIO
MAIN CHAN HD-2
MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1
MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3
“Artist Experience”
• Images and program associated data transmitted as data over the HD Radio signal
30Station Logos / Album Art / Advertiser Images
SOURCE: DTS, Inc.
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Listener experience
31SOURCE: DTS, Inc.
Listener experience
32SOURCE: DTS, Inc.
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• Over 2,300 stations (AM & FM)
• Covering 90% of the US population
• 74% of listening on stations that have upgraded
• Almost 1,700 new HD2, HD3 and HD4 digital channels
33SOURCE: DTS, Inc.
HD Radio stations in Mexico
• 30% of population can get at least one digital signal
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Tijuana
Cd. México
Caborca
Ciudad Juárez
Nuevo Laredo
San Luis Potosi
Morelia
Xalapa
Cd. Acuña
No. City StationsPopulation (millions)
1 Distrito Federal 13 21.23 Monterrey 1 4.16 Tijuana 3 1.87 Ciudad Juárez 3 1.311 San Luis Potosí 1 1.013 Mérida 1 0.815 Aguascalientes 1 0.726 Morelia 1 0.627 Xalapa/Veracruz 1 1.533 Tuxtla Gutiérrez 1 0.543 Nuevo Laredo 2 0.4
Otros 9 1.0
TOTAL 35 34.9
Listeners served: 34.9 million
Salina Cruz Comitán
TapachulaTuxtla Gutiérrez
Monterrey
Aguascalientes
Mérida
Cananea
L. Cárdenas
Rosarito
Canada is next!
SOURCE: DTS, Inc.August 2015
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HD Radio international rollout
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PUERTO RICO
CANADA
USA
MEXICO
PANAMA
BRAZIL
PHILIPPINES
CHINA
TRINIDAD and TOBAGO
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
NORWAY
MOLDOVA
ROMANIA
COLOMBIA
Adopted ‐ Approved
Conditionally Approved
Local Partnership
Interested ‐ Testing
SOURCE: DTS, Inc.October 2015
Digital radio in the U.S.
• iBiquity Digital Corporation acquired by DTS in October 2015–DTS is a publicly-traded corporation
–Interesting combination of patent pools
–DTS more consumer electronics-focused, iBiquity more automotive market-focused
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Digital radio in the U.S.
• Key points:–Automotive receiver penetration accelerating
–“Artist experience” helping radio compete with streaming services
–NAB focusing on need for broadcastersto provide a CONSISTENT USEREXPERIENCE
–Mobile broadband, hybrid radioexperience is also increasinglyimportant
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Digital radio in the U.S.
Vehicle Brands (Chevy, Ford etc.)
Vehicle Models (Malibu, Focus etc.)
HD Radio Technology Standard
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
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154
67
16
86
3621
109
6133
166
92
36
198
76
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All major auto brands now offer factory‐installed HD Radio receivers on at least
one model SOURCE: DTS, Inc.August 2015
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CY 2010 CY 2011 CY 2012 CY 2013 CY 2014 CY 2015
Consumer Electronics / Auto Aftermarket
OEM Automotive
All Numbers in Millions
5
0
10
15
25
Cumulative
Annual
17.52
10.51
4.942.96
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23.13
Digital radio in the U.S.
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YEAR TO DATE
24.89
iBiquity sales projections:1 every 3 1/2 seconds
20,000 per day45% of new cars sold in 2015 SOURCE: DTS, Inc.
February 2015
Consumer electronics/auto aftermarketOEM automotive
More HD Radio receivers
• New HD Radio receivervendor
• iBiquity’s “house brand”
• 7 models
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www.sparcradio.com
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More HD Radio receivers
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Digital radio in the U.S.
• Consistent user experience is vital–This requires an investment by broadcasters
–Need to integrate automation systems with tools like “TagStation”
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PANDORASPOTIFY HD RADIO NEXTRADIO
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HYBRID RADIO
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Hybrid radio
• Hybrid radio promisesto revolutionize theconsumer radioexperience
• Smartphone hybridradio experience ishere NOW, automotivehybrid experienceis COMING
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Hybrid radio
• Hybrid radio gives listeners an alternative to streaming audio services like Pandora–Hybrid radio levels the playing field, puts FM on the smartphone!
–No data charge for audio
• Hybrid radio gives broadcasters an alternative to streaming their audio channels–Streaming audio channels is costly and costs scale with # of listeners
–Every listener using hybrid radio is a listener that would be (but is not!) using streaming audio
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Hybrid radio
• A hybrid radio is a radio device(AM or FM) also connected to theInternet
• Not to be confused with “hybrid IBOC”
• Hybrid radio devices offers similarfunctionality to digital radio–at lower cost
–no multicasting
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How does hybrid radio work?
• Radio signal delivers audio and (possibly)limited data service
• Connected device downloads Internetcontent based upon information containedin radio signal–Tuned frequency
–RDS information
–HD Radio data information
NO STREAMING
FEES!
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How does hybrid radio work?
• What kind of Internet content?–Program associated data
–Album Art
–Station guide
–Program guide
–Enhanced advertisements
–Social networking opportunities
–Service following(streaming audio)
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How does hybrid radio work?
• For hybrid radio to work, need:–Connected device
–Hybrid radio app on the connecteddevice
–Broadcast-related content to supportthe app and provide the Internetcontent
• Best example: NextRadio
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NextRadio
Basic FM tuner Station logo service or RadioDNS
Full TagStation or RadioDNS -now playing
Representation in NextRadio
guides
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NextRadio
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NextRadio
• Hybrid radio initiative led by EmmisCommunications
• Cellular carrier partners – Sprint, AT&T, T-Mobile
• Industrywide effort addressing challenges of:–Enhanced content
–Getting FM radio in smart phones
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FM chips in smartphones
105http://www.nablabs.org/projects/fm‐radio‐in‐smartphones.asp
53.5 million in the last 3 years!
FM chips in smartphones
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FM chips in smartphones
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FM chips in smartphones
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FM chips in smartphones
• NextRadio app generates a “call to action”when installed on phones where FM chipis not activated
110http://freeradioonmyphone.org/
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SOURCE: NEXTRADIO
FM chips in smartphones
• Use smartphone “teardown” reportsto assess capabilities
• Example – Sony XperialZ3
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Broadcom BCM 4339 “connectivity chip”
includes Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and FM receiver
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“Connectivity chip”
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0.25”
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“Connectivity chip”
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Broadcom BCM4330
• Single-band 2.4 GHz 802.11 b/g/n or dual-band 2.4 GHz and 5Ghz 802.11 a/b/g/n
• FM receiver and transmitter
• Bluetooth core spec. version 4.0 + HS compliant
• Full WAPI software and hardware support
• Integrated ARM Cortex-M3 proc., memory
• “SmartAudio” technology that dramatically improves voice quality in Bluetooth headsets
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Broadcom BCM4330
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Biggest challenges
• Getting radios into smartphones
• Getting broadcasters to support consistent user experience
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Digital radio
• What is digital radio to me?–Job security
–Engineering at its best
–The future of radio
• Thank you for listening!
• Discussion
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