Download - quotes on life, love

Transcript
  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    1/29

    Sex Differences

    chromosomal sex

    ENVIRONMENT

    gonadal sex

    hormonal sex

    morphological sex

    differences in physiology and behavior

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    2/29

    Reproduction

    Hormonal control of reproductive processes

    Female reproductive function

    Fertility

    Pregnancy, parturition, and lactation (?)

    Male reproductive function

    Development

    Sex determination and differentiation

    Chromosomal-gonadal-hormonal-morphological

    Behavioral Endocrinology

    Aggression

    Pair Bonding

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    3/29

    Female Reproduction: fertility

    Anatomy

    Ovarian cycle

    Hormonal ControlHPG axis

    Contraceptives

    Pathophysiology

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    4/29

    Female Reproduction: fertility

    Anatomy

    Ovarian cycle

    Hormonal ControlHPG axis

    Contraceptives

    Pathophysiology

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    5/29

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    6/29

    primary follicle

    Corpus luteum formationovulation

    graafian follicle

    preantral follicle

    secondary follicle

    Primordialfollicle

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    7/29

    Pause

    until fertilization

    Graafian Follicle

    Pre-antral follicle

    Secondary

    follicle

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    8/29

    time 28 days

    Follicular Phase Luteal Phase

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    9/29

    Female Reproduction: fertility

    Anatomy

    Ovarian cycle

    Hormonal Control

    HPG axis

    Contraceptives

    Pathophysiology

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    10/29

    Hormonal Control of the menstrual cycle

    1. Follicular development

    2. Conversion of androgens to

    estrogens (granulosa cells)

    3. Induce Inhibin secretion from

    granulosa cells

    1. Androgen Synthesis (thecal cells)

    2. Moves primary oocyte out of

    meiosis I

    3. Luteinization of follicular cells

    4. Ovulation

    GnRH

    LH FSH

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    11/29

    LH

    T E2

    E2FSH

    T TE2

    thecal

    cell

    granulosa

    cell

    LH FSH

    Steroidogenesis: follicular phase

    inhibin

    ?

    T

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    12/29

    HPG axis

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    13/29

    HPG axis

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    14/29

    Steroidogenesis: late follicular,

    early luteal phase

    Corpus luteum formation

    LH

    Luteinize:

    Change function,

    start producing progesterone

    P4+E2

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    15/29

    HPG axis

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    16/29

    Menstrual Cycle

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    17/29

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    18/29

    Female Reproduction: fertility

    Anatomy

    Ovarian cycle

    Hormonal Control

    HPG axis

    Contraceptives

    Pathophysiology

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    19/29

    The Pill Carl Djurassi

    Invented the first oral contraceptive in 1951

    FDA approved in 1957

    Two types

    Combination of estrogens and progestins

    Progestins only (depo proverashot)

    Actions:

    Benefits

    Risks

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    20/29

    Female Reproduction: fertility

    Anatomy

    Ovarian cycle

    Hormonal Control

    HPG axis

    Contraceptives

    Pathophysiology

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    21/29

    Pathophysiology

    Amenorrhealack of menstrual cycle

    Primary amenorrhea Secondary amenorrhea

    Pregnancy

    Menopause

    Premature menopause

    Strenuous exercise

    Anorexia Nervosa

    Premenstrual Syndrome

    Endometriosis

    Excessive Androgen Production

    Can be due to ovarian or adrenal problem

    Infertilityand treatment

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    22/29

    Causes of infertility

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    23/29

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    24/29

    Ovary stimulation

    Normal ovary with graafian follicle Hyperstimulated ovary

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    25/29

    Hormonal Control of Follicle Stimulation

    The pill

    Pill suppresses ovulation

    stimulation monthmonth before stimulation

    Lupron

    Lupron shuts down your own LH and FSH secretion

    (suppresses your own hormones)

    hCG: starts ovulation

    egg retrieval

    embryo transfer

    Synthetic FSH stimulates follicles

    Gonal-F

    Pregnancy

    test

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    26/29

    bean 1

    bean 2

    8-cell stage embryos

    Multi-cell stage

    bean 1? bean 2?

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    27/29

    % live births per transfer

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    25 30 35 40 45 50

    age

    %succ

    ess

    own eggsdonor eggs

    Note: these women are all pre-menopausal

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    28/29

    Types of IVF

    75%Use your own eggs collected thatcycle

    13%Use frozen embryos collected

    from you previously

    8%

    Use fresh eggs or embryos from

    donor 3%

    Use frozen embryos from donor

    1%

    Gestational carrier

  • 7/29/2019 quotes on life, love

    29/29

    Female Reproduction: fertility

    Anatomy

    Ovarian cycle

    Hormonal Control

    HPG axis

    Contraceptives

    Pathophysiology