Properties of Bonds
1.Polarity2.Bond Order3.Bond Length4.Bond Energy
Electronegativity Bond Polarity
Electronegativity: ability of a bonded atom to attract the shared electrons towards itself
Origin: Orbital Energies
Trends:
Continuum from Covalent to Ionic Bonding: Bond Character
Bond Order: # of bonds between two atoms
Bond Length
Bond Energy: Energy to separate two bonded atoms
Bond Energy in Ionic Compounds: Lattice Energy
Energy to separate all the ions
NaCl(s) Na+(g) + Cl-(g) H = Lattice E = -790 kJ/mol
Properties inside Molecules
1.Resonance2.Formal Charge3.Oxidation Number4.Partial Charge
Resonance and Bond Order
Resonance Structures:
When more than one reasonable Lewis Structure is possible
Formal Charge and Oxidation Number Examples
Partial Charge
Lewis # Structural Electron Molecular Structure Pairs Geometry Geometry
# Structural Pairs = # bonded + # lone on central atom atoms pairs
# Structural Pairs determines Electron Pair Geometry
# Structural Pairs determines Electron Pair Geometry
# Structural Pairs determines Electron Pair Geometry
Molecular Geometry = Electron Pair Geometry, ignoring lone pairs
BF3 and O3
Molecular Geometry = Electron Pair Geometry, ignoring lone pairs
Molecular Geometry = Electron Pair Geometry, ignoring lone pairs
Molecular Geometry = Electron Pair Geometry, ignoring lone pairs
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