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PROLOGUE
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What do all of these civilisations have in common? 5
What are the basic characteristics of acivilisation?
Towns andcities.(Buildingssomewhatpermanent)
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Task: Create your ownsystem of writing.Make sure to give theinterpretation.To be delivered next class.
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Development of the kingdomof the Nile
Menes united twokingdoms in 3200
B.C. and became thefirst pharaoh.
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Pharaohs and dynasties rose andfell from the times of Menesuntil almost 300 B.C.
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Amenhotep IV, also known as
Akhenaton, tried tomake people accept monotheismin 1300s B.C.
An obsessive worship of the Sun (Aton).
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Some conceptsabout theMesopotamiansMesopotamia: the
Tigris-EuphratesValley in SouthwestAsia.
Fertile Crescent: anothername for Mesopotamia,where many historiansbelieve agriculture firstdeveloped.
City-state: includesthe city itself aswell as the lands,fields, and villagesaround it.
Ziggurats:Sumeriantemples.
Cuneiform: form ofwedge-shaped writingcreated by the
Sumerians.
Akkadians: people whoconquered the Sumeriansin about 2330 B.C.,
created a large empirethat extended to theMediterranean Sea.
Hammurabi: a ruler ofBabylon whoconqueredmost of the upper
Tigris-EuphratesValley, created astructure of laws.
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Task: Download, printand paste this image on
your scrapbook. Writeyour name in Cuneiformwriting.
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Location
Government
Economy
Religion
Achievements
Egyptians Mesopotamians
Along the river Nile. Valley between theEuphrates and the Tigris.Monarchy led by aPharaoh.
Organized in city-states.
Polytheist. Polytheist.
Farming, trade. Farming, trade.
Calendar, geometry,pyramids, mummification.
Sumerian cuneiform,ziggurats, Code of
Hammurabi, Hittite iron.15
Them ai ac hievem e ts f
thePho e iia s
Became the greatest traders inthe ancient world.
Developed the base ofthe alphabet.
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TheLydia sFirst people to use coined money.
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TheH ebrewsTheH ebrewsTheH ebrewsTheH ebrews
Monotheism. The Torah. Ethical monotheism.
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Sacred text:Bahavad Gita Many gods
Possibility ofenlightenment.
Four noble truths: Lifeinvolves suffering andsorrow, desire for
pleasure createssorrow, renouncingdesire frees people,desire can berenounced by followingthe eight-fold path.
Eight-fold path.
Belief in
reincarnationDharma andkarma
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Strong centralgovernment
Standardized weights,measures, coins
Uniform writing systemSingle taxation system
Harsh rule based onlegalism
Qin Dynasty Han DynastyStrong central
government Increased tradeExpanded bordersOversaw introduction of
new goods
Less harsh, wiser rule
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The city-states
form, between800s700s B.C.E.
HowtheHowtheHowtheHowthegovernmentofgovernmentofgovernmentofgovernmentof
theGreektheGreektheGreektheGreekcitystatescitystatescitystatescitystates
changedchangedchangedchangedovertime.overtime.overtime.overtime.
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Around 600 B.C.,
landowners and soldiersstruggle for control.
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Tyrants takepower unlawfully,some were harshand unjust.
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In 507 B.C. Cleisthenesoverthrows the
aristocrats and forms adirect democracy inAthens.
Later, Pericles takesGreece to a Goldenage known as theCentury of Pericles.
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Areas which Alexander the Great conquered: Asia Minor,Syria, Egypt, the Persian Empire (Iran), and part of India.
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Alexander the Greatsconquest, as well as the tradethroughout the empire,enabled the Greek culture notonly to be spread, but also toblend with other cultures.
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509 BCE: Rome becomes a republic when Lucius
Tarquinius Superbus, the last Etruscan king isoverthrown.
The republic was established in 509 B.C.and lasted nearly 500 years.
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Period of 200 years, from 27 bC, to180 AD, when the Roman Empire
reached its greatest splendour.
There was peace and prosperitythroughout the empire.
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Civil wars and invasionsled to the fall of theWestern Roman Empirein 476 AD.
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too many poor
loss of patriotism,interest ingovernment, andpolitical honesty
Decline of the Roman Empire
inadequategovernment for sizeof empire
competition forpower
army interferencemade governmentunstable
expense of defendingand maintainingempire
heavy taxes
loss of income
Political/Military Economic Social
dependence onGerman troops
decline of
manufacturing andagriculture
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City states of Eastern Africa
The mostimportant, and
the oldest, wasthe kingdom ofKush, also knownas Nubia.
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Most of Eastern African societies wereorganised in City-States.
Their economical development came from coastaltrade.
They merged African, Arabic and Persianelements.
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In Western Africa, theempires of Ghana, Mali and
Songhai flourished thanks tothe control of the Saharantrade routes.
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Farmers
Writingsystem
Architectsand
engineers
Pyramids The
Mayas
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Prita dpastetheseim ages Prita dpastetheseim ages Prita dpastetheseim ages Prita dpastetheseim ages
yo ursc rapbo o k.W riteyo uryo ursc rapbo o k.W riteyo uryo ursc rapbo o k.W riteyo uryo ursc rapbo o k.W riteyo ur
n am ei aya haractersam ei aya haractersam ei aya haractersam ei aya haracters
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Print andpaste theMayannumbers.
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Humansacrifices
Calendar
Architectsand
engineers
The
AztecsPyramidsand
chinampas
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Irrigationsystems
Use ofthe quipu
to aidthe
memoryArchitectsand
engineers
TheIncas
Fortresseshigh on themountains
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Chapter test 1 Geography activity 1
Extra credit: Make alittle quipu (with a tagexplaining the thing itreminds you).
Remember the images and taskswhich should already be attached toyour scrapbook.
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