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Isma Nizam (m12bba013)
Maria Nazeer (m12bba019)
Zartasha Shaukat (m12bba057)
Kehkashan Sakhawat (m12bba067)
! (N")#$% Semester
%&"('niersit *+ ,un-ab)
Group Members:
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Problems of importers
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ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN AT A
GALANCE
26th Largest World Economy (PPP)6th Largest World Population with GDP
per Capita of$ 1,427
133rd rank for GDP per Capita with36% undocumented economyNet Ele!en Countries in worldemerging Economy " BRICS
#oreign Currency $eser!es in %&'
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Major Sector o !con
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Primary Sector
', -griculture.,,24% of GDP & 44% of empl%,/ining..,0.5% of GDP
', 0ndustry.,,24%of GDP•.-utomoti!e industry•.Construction material•. 0nformation technology•. 1etile•.2thers
', Largest user of CNG
Seconary Sector
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Ser!ices Sector
Minor Sector
', 1elecommunication er!ices%,3ousing4,#inance, 1ransportation
',Energy%, Pharmaceuticals * Chemicals
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E"PO#T PE#FO#MANCE OF PAKISTAN
Quantum of exports is $%&'( billion
Ma)or E*ports• 1etiles•5egeta6les
•Leather•-nimal farming•#ood * 6e!erages•2ther manufactured items
M a ) o r e *
p o r t p a
r t n
• C h i n a
• 7 - E
• G e r m
a n y
• - f g h a n
i s t a n
• 7 n i t e d
s t a t e s
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Import PE#FO#MANCE OF PAKISTAN
Quantum of exports is $+,'+ billion
M a ) o r I m p o r t
• C h i n a • 7 -E •
8 u w a i t • / a l a y s i a • ) a u d i -r a 6
Ma)or imports•#ood
•/achinery• 1ransportation 5ehicle•#ertili9ers•$e:ned and crude oil
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alance o
f Pa
ymen
“Systematic record of total outo! of foreicurrencies and receipts of forei"n paymen
Up-to date state
•$%('+ billion e-cit.%/0+102 economic s3r!eof Pa4istan5
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F astest Gi mport
P akis
Tanks, artillery, missiles, rockets, guns & ammunitionCivilian aircraft (complete)Sports apparel & gear
• $753!million
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M ajor I mports F rom Asian
C ountries
'oa
ac#Te
"oilers, ac#inery anmec#anical appliances,
Telecommunication appl aneuip, %lastic an articles
*nimal or vegeta+lefats an oil, %etroleum
proucts an oil,anmae fi+er an
yarns, %aper,paper+oar
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E OC R eport
Pakistan is the 67th largest export economy in the world and
!6th most "omple# e"onom$ according to the Economic
Complexity Index (ECI).
n -.!/ Pakistan imported $/7/" making it the %&r' largest
in the world.
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Su+stitute 0or mports
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Ethanol a (ia)le su)stitute
for oil in motor (ehi"les
su)stitut
Ethanol
!ood crops like sugar "ane an' mai*e can "et#rned into ethanol %or #se as a s#"stit#te %or Oil in
automo)iles
&he s#rging import "ill on oil can "e red#ced thro#gh
the promotion o% this new initiati'e as s#"stit#te %or
motor 'ehicles oil it can sa'e %oreign exchange o%
estimated %!! million 'ollars
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Coal as S3bstit3tefor Gas
e ha'e to #se o#r "oal reser(es to con'ert
into natural gas+
Coal gasifi"ation an' "oal,to,li-ui' are some
pro'en technologies which can "e s#ccess%#lly
employed in Pakistan to red#ce dependence onimporte' oil an' natural gas.
Coal gasi%ication o%%ers one o% the most
'ersatile and cleanest ways to con'ert coal into
*as.
Substi
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.io'iesel "ommer"iali*ation
in Pakistan
&he ma+ority o% the worlds energy
s#pplied thro#gh petro"hemi"al
"oal an' natural gas.
.io'iesel de%ined as ,a substitut
additive to Diesel fuel that is derioils and fats of plants and animal
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Compresse' 0atural Gas 1C0G
as Inter Fuel 3u)stitution
4$'ro"ar)on 5e(elopment Institute of
Pakistan (IP) has pioneered the #se
o% en'ironment %riendly Compressed
0atural Gas 1C0G2 in road transport
/s an economically 'ia"le inter,fuel
import su)stitution in petrole#m sector.
A3
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P ro)lems f Importers
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Custom E #ams$auses extra costs anduneasiness•Document $e!iew•5ehicle and cargo inspectionsystem
•Physical * unloading inspection•ampling * la6oratory test Dem#rrage
“occur at te port area !en tare eld lon"er tan te a"re
free time for te use of teicontainers#
•Causes additional costs and de
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Damage• 1ransportation damage•Lifting up damage
'f any dama"e appens( te claim to teri"t parties sould )e done in a timely
manner accordin" to te claim procedures
Per Diem
• charge applied 6y the steamthe use of their e;uipm
• 1his late return of the empty will cause additional charges timporters
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Detenti n
<charged 6y the truckers due toecess time taken 6y the consignee
for unloading the cargo>
Missing D cuments:
0f the original ?@L or other impo
document are lost it willA•aBects the freight release procthe shipments•might cause etra charges likedemurrage to the importers
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Cust m Clearance Pr blem
•0f your consignment get late clearthenA• shipping costs could go up 6yhundreds or thousands of dollars•2ther etra costs to importer 6usiness
Strikes
•!or* stoppa"e caute mass refusal ofemployees to !or* •+esulted into delaysipment and extra
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Overwe ight / Unevenl !istribute! carg
0f weigh shown in document is less than the actualthenA•,e container needs to )e ta*en to a facility to )eopened up so tat te car"o inside te container can)e stu-ed eenly on eac axle and tis causes extra
costs to te importer.
Penalties
•#ailure to comply terms and ru•#ine for su6mitting incorrect incustom
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" li!as
•Congestion due to 6usytransportation,•hipment gets delayed•Etra costs like demurrage per
diem etc # st C ntainers at th
terminal
•,ime ta*en for searc ofcontainer at )i" ports•/ut of control delayedsipment & extra costs
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O$ening % #Cs
•Dicult for less creditworthyimporters• Causes illegal means to import,
&errorism•7ncertainty in shipment •3igher cost paya6le 6y imof aBected areas
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Prevalence % 'bsent #ab r
•trike of la6or•#inancial loss of concerned parties
Currenc (isk•#inancial loss if price high of foreig
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“6 it a little precaution( it is possi)le to )e p
!it a contin"ency plan for oercomin" unfocircumstances. Some of tese issues are not
control( so it is important tat te entire transp plan )e accompanied !it a contin"ency pla
mana"in" any o)stacle tat mi"t come in t
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