THE USE OF THE DOUBLE ROOF STRUCTURE TO REDUCE HEAT GAIN IN THE CLIMATIC RESPONSIVE DESIGN
OF THE SAFARI ROOF HOUSE, PETALING JAYA
ASIAN ARCHITECTURELEE JO YEE0314880
INTRODUCTION The role of a roof
ROLES OF ROOFROOF IS PART OF A BUILDING ENVELOPE.
It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provide protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The elements in a design of a roof are:
1. The materials
2. The construction
3. The durability
The shape of roofs differs greatly from region to region. Climates and materials are the main influences the shape, structure and outer covering.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof
ROOF IN TROPICAL CLIMATETROPICAL RAINFOREST CLIMATE:
1. Average temperature maintains around 30 – 32 degree Celsius. Rarely goes beyond 34 degree Celsius or lower than 20 degree Celcius.
2. High rate in precipitation. Heavy rain falls uniformly in each month of the year.
3. Relativity humidity is excessive, around 77% to 88%.
4. Enable a broad range of flora and fauna.
5. It can be concluded as Hot and Humid Climate.
6. Strong wind and experience Monsoon Seasons which is the Southwest Monsoon from late May to September, and the Northeast Monsoon from November to March.
MALAY VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREOf Malay traditional houses in Malaysia, the design of the roof differs from states to states to indicate the local culture. However, the function and principles behind the design are more or less the same. They have exhibited similar characteristics to tackle the local warm and humid climate.
http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/Measured%20Drawings/mapmalay.jpg
PITCHED ROOF
DOUBLE VOLUME -ALLOW VENTILATION FROM ROOF SPACE ABOVE-CATCHES WIND AT HIGH VELOCITY
DOUBLE ROOF CONCEPT-EXTRA OPENINGS AT THE ROOF GAP
DOUBLE ROOF STRUCTURE The role of a roof
TYPES OF ROOFTraditional roofing can be divided into Pitched-Roof and Flat Roof. There are three main types of pitched roofs namely
Single Roofs
Double Roofs
Trussed Roofs
Trussed rafter roof – modern construction
“A double roof is a roof whose rafters are of such a length that they require an intermediate support. This support is usually a beam which is secured under the rafters at a point half way between the ridge and the wallplate. This beam is known as a purlin.”http://www.unitcare.com.au/pdfs/roof_structures_explained.pdf
“A timber framing system in which thecommon rafters rest on purlins whichprovide intermediate support.”
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/double+roof
The purpose of a common purlin roof may be allow a board roof, allowing a wider building. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purlin
TYPES OF ROOFFlat roof are found in traditional buildings in regions with a low precipitation. Modern materials which are highly impermeable to water make possible the very large low-pitch roofs found on large commercial buildings.
DOUBLE SKIN ROOF SYSTEM
The double skin roofing system is a high performance system comprising of a metal sheet on the top and a metal trapezoidal tray at the bottom. http://www.rockwoolasia.com/products/residential+and+commercial+buildings/single+-c12-+double+skin+roof+solutions
Single Skin Roof System
Second Roof
LIFTED / ELEVATED
HOUSE OF DOUBLE-ROOF by Shigeru Ban- Yamanashi, Japan, 1993One more layer of roof is added and lifted from the building original roof to allow air to pass through.http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/1993_house-of-double-roof/index.html
No matter it is a pitched roof or flat roof, they are of same intention which is introducing passive cooling strategies in Tropical Climate :
1. Reducing heat gain into the building interiors
2. Allow ventilation to achieve thermal comfort
TYPES OF ROOF
roofs
pitched
Single roof Double roof Trussed roof Trussed Rafters roof
flat
Double skin Elevated
The definition of Double Roofs is varied but shall not be confused. There are many designs and combinations of double roofs. The design of the roof will depend upon the size and shape of the ground floor plan of the building.
CASE STUDIESROOF – ROOF HOUSE BY KENNETH YEANG
LOCATION: AMPANG, MALAYSOA
ARCHITECT: KEN YEANG
YEAR COMPLETED: 1984
CONCEPT: Shade the enclosure of the building as an “environmental filter” that making good use of the climatic advantage and overcoming the climatic disadvantage.
CASE STUDIESFEATURES: Huge concrete louvered roof which covered the building is known as “umbrella architecture”. The outer curved roof acts as a solar filter to the rest of the house, and regulates the daylighting values of the house.
In hot sunny afternoons, lots of the overheated sunlight is being reflected by the louvers out of the building.On the other hand, during the mornings and the late afternoons, the louvered roof permits light penetration into the house can light up the space.
http://www.chinagb.net/case/resident/residence/20070307/20808.shtml
CASE STUDIESDOUBLE ROOF PAVILLION also known as GAZEBO
Is a structure that often built in a park, garden or spacious public area. They provide shade, shelter, ornamental features in a landscape, and a place to rest.
PROVIDE ROOF LIGHTING AND HIGH LEVEL VENTILATION
Body level ventilation
Roof level ventilation
Heat radiation
Heat radiation
Hot air being carried away along with high velocity wind.
Wind is invited into the space below
THE ADAPTATION IN SAFARI ROOF HOUSE
The role of a roof
TROPICAL LANDROVER =
TROPICAL LANDROVER = SAFARI ROOF
FLAT ROOF + DOUBLE ROOF
FLAT ROOF + DOUBLE ROOF
FLAT ROOF + DOUBLE ROOFCARRIED AWAY HEAT GAIN
FLAT ROOF + DOUBLE ROOFEXCESS WIND
VENTILATION GAP
TO THE ROOF TOP
FLAT ROOF + DOUBLE ROOFHEAT HAS BEEN FILTERED IN THE FIRST LAYER BEFORE ENTERING THE BUILDING.
CORRUGATED BITUMINOUS SHEETAS PURE SUNBREAK
THERMAL CAPACITY
MATERIALS
SURFACE REFLECTIVITY
REFERENCES APA style
Bibliography 1. Burhanuddin, W. (1984). The Malay House: Learning from its elements, rules and changes. In L. a.
(eds.), Design Policy: Design and Society (pp. 28-33). http://www.hbp.usm.my/wburhan/malayhouse/mhousepaper.htm This paper provides an introduction to the Malay Vernacular architecture and details on each physical elements, spatial elements and functional elements.
2. Low, K. M. (2015, September 29). Safari Roof House. Retrieved from archnet.org:
http://archnet.org/sites/6469/publications/2223 http://archnet.org/system/publications/contents/2223/original/FLS2600.pdf?1384757902 This is a presentation panels of the Safari Roof House explained everything from concept implimentation to execution. In the publication also shows series of photos taken from different angle in the house to provide a better understand of the spatial arrangement.
3. Paul Gut, D. A. (1993). 3.3 Design for warm-humid zones. In D. A. Paul Gut, Climate Responsive
Building - Appropriate Building Construction in Tropical and Subtropical Regions. Switzerland: SKAT. http://collections.infocollections.org/ukedu/en/d/Jsk02ce/3.4.html This book writes about the suggested approaches and strategies in tackling climate issues in various context. A focus is placed in chapter 3.3 where it talks about the design implication in hot and humid climate.
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