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COMMUNICATIVEASPECTSOFERROR
ANALYSISCh.9 Keshavarz E.Zabibh
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INTRODUCTION
In addition to their important role inthe study of lg acquisition ingeneral & 2nd or foreign lg
learning ,errors are alsoimportant in terms of differentcommunicative tasks learners
perform & the effects their errorsmay have on communicative withnative speakers of the target lg.
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ERRORSRELATEDTODIFFERENT
COMMUNICATIVETASKSDifferences are observed in
performance depending on
whether the communicativetask is:
- spoken
-written.
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QUESTION
Do foreign lg learners make moreerrors in spontaneous speech or
written discourse?
Foreign lg learners tend to commitrelatively more errors in
spontaneous speech than in
written discourse.
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-Time
Hulstin suggests that poor learners
need more time to produce speechmaterial because they have little
control over their linguistic
awareness.Krashen believes that the learners
monitor operates under 3 condition:
-Time
-Focus on form
- knowledge of the rule
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Krashen suggests that tasks whichrequire learners to focus on
content are more likely to produce
errors than those which force themto concentrate
on forms .
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NATIVESPEAKERJUDGMENTOF
LEARNERSERRORS
Researchers in the 70s & early 80s
asses the effect of errors on
communication by asking native
speakers to evaluate 2nd lg learners
speech or writing samples.
These communicative errors studies
emphasized three major components
in which errors mentioned:
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Phonology
Pronunciation Successful communication seems to be mostly dependent
on the correct pronunciation of 2nd lg sound system, too
deviant & faulty pro. Can lead to failure in communication
Semantic
Vocabulary The degree to which errors in vocab. Use effect the
comprehensibility of learners utterances has been studied.
The incomprehensible sentences contain some word error:wrong ,extra, omitted
Vocab. Errors are ranked at the top, incorrect choice ofwords is the greatest handicap to effective communication.
syntax
Grammar What aspects of grammar of TL may interfere with
comprehension & disrupt the flow of communication. Global local
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Global errors are those that violate rules involving the overall
structure of a sentence, the relations among constituents
clauses or , in a simple sentence the relations among majorconstituents.
Local errors cause trouble in a particular constituent or in a
clause of a complex sentence.
example.
o I like take taxi but my friend said so not that we should be late
for school.
o If I heard from him I will let you know
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Question
Which of the two categories of the errors is more
serious in terms of communication? Global errors are higher than local errors.
Errors involving word order , missing subject, those
that confuse the relationship of clauses are more
important than omitted article or inflectionalmorpheme in 3rd singular.
o In other words, errors in pluralization , article
usage, tense usage , etc, are less important in
terms of sentence comprehensibility than errors inword order, or choice & placement of appropriate
connectors.
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Hendrickson modified global / local errors
distinction:
Global error a communicative error thatcauses a proficient speaker of a foreign lg either
to misinterpret an oral or written message or to
consider the message incomprehensible within
the textual content of the error.
Local error is a linguistic error that
makes a form or structure in a sentence appear
awkward but nevertheless, causes a proficient
speaker of a foreign lg little or no difficulty in
understanding the intended meaning of thesentence , given its contextual framework.
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Note
It was found that most global errors resulted frominadequate lexical knowledge ,misuse of
preposition & pronouns , & seriously misspelled
lexical items.
Most local errors , were caused by omission of
prepositions , lack of subject-verb agreement ,
misspelled words , & faulty lexical choice.
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Thanks for
your attention