Subway waiting room and main line ventilation
Ultra Fine Dust Precursor Reduction Technology
2019.07
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Conventional waiting room and platform ventilation & air conditioning system
- Currently advanced ventilation equipment is in operation-Four advanced fine dust removal filters are installed and operating - Demister, automaticfilter. Filter element in air conditioner, charge.Fine dust removes filter using fine particles. However, even if the outside air is cleanlyfiltered, the secondary pollution prevention measures are not available at present.
- Problem-The dust in the duct connecting the air conditioner tothe platform. Since, it is impossible to clean bacteriaand dust accumulation, the platform or waiting roomwill eventually be supplied with fine dust.
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Air Inlet grill
Station
Vent
Primary: Demister
Secondary: Auto filter
Third: Fiction Fourth: Charged fine particles
Platform & Waiting room
Air-conditioner
Waiting & standing area station ventilation and air conditioning system
- Traditional ventilation equipment-There are four exhaust facilities. The air supply system is equipped with a demister, anauto filter, a filter element in the air conditioner, and a neutralizer for charged particulatematter. The air used is passed through exhaust tower again which is a structure toescape.
- Solution-But now we can remove the fine dust using theflimmer filter to be installed above the diffuser andsupply the clean air in accordance with ISO 16890,ePm 1 for a better indoor air quality.
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Air Inlet grill
Station
Vent
Primary: Demister
Secondary: Auto filter
SKAWEN / AHU
Third: Fiction
Fourth: Fine particle treatment
Platform & Waiting room
Precautions and countermeasures to reduce fine dust precursor - Comprehensive
Problem
Excessive power consumption: always on/off fan
Bad air condition on platform
Cannot clean foreign matters in the duct: always flow in the dusty platform
Dilution effect due to screen door: poor air quality improvement
Improvement Management of indoor air quality in the landing area by air/ exhaust sensor:
Air conditioner operation management
Placement of flimmer filter in the landing air diffuser: Effect of fresh air inflow
After train stops, upper exhaust fan of the carrier operates
-> Forced ventilation of the platform in to the air (always keep the pressure on platform)
Supply fan inside the passenger compartments stops operation when stoppedFresh air in the passenger compartment.
Flimmer Diffuser
1. ISO 16890 , ePM12. Ventilation Institute of Korea, Ltd.
Sweden joint R&D3. Made in Korea
Problems and improvement of subway supply
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New Filter Standards and NORMS – Overview
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- New ISO 16890: The new international ISO 16890 standard defines four new filter groups based on dust particle size.• ISO coarse (assessment of the separation of ISO A2 dust)• ISO PM 10: particle size ≤ 10㎛• ISO PM 2.5: particle size ≤ 2.5 ㎛• ISO PM 1: particle size ≤ 1㎛
New Classification
Filter groups
ISO 16890
Required minimum
performance Reference value for the
determination of the
filter performanceePM1,
min
ePM2.5,
minePM10
ISO ePM 1 ≥50% ePM1
ISO ePM2.5 ≥50% ePM2.5
ISO ePM10 ≥50% ePM10
ISO coarse ≥50% Initial separation efficiency
• In December 2016, the ISO 16890 standardbecame effective in order to globally regulate thevarious standards such as EN 779 or ASHRAE52.2.
• Particularly affected are the filter types belongingto the groups G, M and F. A lead time of 18months was given for the conversion to then newISO-standards, resulting in the fact that the EN779, as well as, ISO 16890 shall both be valid upto mid-2018.
• The EN 779 does not take the air’s fine dustpollution into consideration; instead only the filter’sdegree of efficiency concerning 0.4 ㎛-sizedparticles. However, this does not meet the truerequirements.
• On the contrary, the ISO 16890 observes threeareas of different particle sizes and thus, is morerealistic. The test results, therefore, render a betterconclusion concerning the filter’s actualperformance during real operation.
Classification of new filter class according to ISO 16890 NORM
Latest results and comparison of flimmer filter
EN 779: 2012 Class ISO 16890 NORM ClassClass ISO ePM1 ISO ePM2.5 ISO ePM10 ISO coarse Classes Minimum Efficiency Type of particulate matter
G3 - - - >80%ISO ePM1
e(PM1), min ≥ 50%
e(PM2.5), min ≥ 50%
Viruses, nanoparticles, exhaust gases
Bacteria, fungal and mold spores, pollen, toner dustG4 - - - >90%
M5 - - >50% -ISO ePM2.5 e(PM10), min ≥ 50%
Pollen, desert dust
M6 - 50 – 65 % >60% -
F7 50 – 65% 65 – 80% >85% -ISO ePM10 e(PM1), min ≥ 50%
Viruses, nanoparticles, exhaust gases
Bacteria, fungal and mold spores, pollen, toner dust
F8 65 – 80% >80% >90% -
F9 >80% >95% >95% - ISO coarse e(PM2.5), min ≥ 50% Pollen, desert dust
EN 779:2012 ISO 16890
Particle size for classification 0.4㎛
0.3 to 1㎛ (PM1)
0.3 to 2.5㎛ (PM2.5)
0.3 to 10㎛ (PM 10)
Test aerosol DEHS (di-ethylhexyl sebacate)DEHS for 0.3 to 1㎛
KCL for 2.5㎛ and 10㎛
Efficiency of discharged filter Comparison of sample and filterAverage efficiency of treated and untreated (conditioned) filter
Dust feed for classification Incremental dust feed Classification without dust feed
Test dust for ISO coarse and energy efficiency ASHRAE ISO fine
Dust feed 70 mg/㎥ 140 mg/㎥
Test final differential pressureG1, G2, G3, G4 = 250 Pa PM 10 < 50% = 200 Pa
M5, M6, F7, F8,F9 = 450 Pa PM 10 ≥ 50% = 300 Pa
Classification
G1 to G4 ISO coarse
M5 to M6 ISO ePM10
F7 to F9 ISO ePM2.5
ISO ePM1
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ISO 16890 – New Standard
Old category
classification
Old category
classification
Indoor air quality control Know How in Subway
Technology and measures to reduce ultrafine dust precursors
Due to lack of cleaning inside the duct, traditional system
supplies the fine dust into passenger and station rooms. But now
we can remove the fine dust using the flimmer filter to be
installed above the diffuser and supply the clean air in accordance
with ISO 16890, ePm 1 for a better indoor air quality.
For a reducing PM2.5 in main line, install advanced THRUVENT
in the air supply for the negative pressure, due to negative
pressure fine dusts are forcibly shuffled to be the big dust and it
could be cleaned by pre-filter after all.
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2
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Saving energy but better air quality than before
Electric power usage ratio in subway
All subway ventilation cost: At least 30 billion
20% reduction in ventilation rate by using this system
: Annual savings of 6 billion
Reduced cost of 10 years after using this system: over
60 billion
Estimated cost
Artificial Intelligent Contamination Control Technology: 2%
Ventilation system based on comparison of outdoor/ventilation: 3%
Dehydrated vent system: 3%
Flimmer diffuser: 2%
Thruvent ventilation system: 30% (total: 40%)
Artificial Intelligent Ultrafine Dust Precursor Reduction Technology
Integrated management system cost expected effect: 40%
Calculation basis
Source: Study on reduction of air pollution in underground space (1977, Seoul city)
Power
25%
Ventilation
35%
Others
11%
Heating
10%
Loading & Heating
5%
Elevators
5%
Cooling 5%
Pumps 4%
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Passenger and station rooms new ventilation technology
Exhaust (THRUVENT)
Recommended NEW ventilation system ( Flimmer Diffuser type )
Waiting room
Air class equipment
Platform Screen door
Supply (THRUVENT)
Ventilation system should be operated so that internal air is positive
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Flimmer Diffuser
When outside air is bad (100% operation)
When the outside air is good (20% operation)
Ultra Fine Dust Precursor Reduction Technology: Step 1 - Thruvent
Thruvent System Ventilation Energy Saving
Signal movement Outside air sensor
Signal movement Outside air sensor
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Technique to reduce fine dust precursor: Step 2 – Flimmer Diffuser
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New concept, new idea but good indoor air quality
Formation of dust and bacteria inside the duct
Platform & waiting room
- ResolutionThe ISO ePM1 class flimmer diffuser is installed in the platform and waiting roomMoreover, the flimmer filter should be replaced periodically.
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Subway Air Quality Improvement Ventilation System
When screen door and passenger doors are opened
Automatic inflow into the fresh air carriage of the platform
Supply diffuser
Flimmer filter
Outdoor -> Air conditioner -> Air supply duct
Exhaust diffuser
Exhaust duct-> Air conditioner-> Exterior
Contaminated indoor air exhaustFresh air inflow filtered by clean filter
Platform ventilation concept
Air quality control sensor: Air intake / exhaust fan operation
according to the air quality inside the landing area: Indoor air
quality control and energy saving
Supply sensor
Exhaust sensor
Supply fan Exhaust fan
Passenger cabin ventilation concept
Normal operation of supply fan in operation
Automatic stop of supply fan when stopped
Operation & stop:
Operation of the exhaust fan at all the time
Flimmer filter ISO 16890 NORM class: ISO ePM1 class
Supply fan interruption: Fresh air inflow into
platform
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Filter groups
ISO 16890
Required minimum
performance Reference value for the
determination of the
filter performanceePM1,
min
ePM2.5,
minePM10
ISO ePM 1 ≥50% ePM1
ISO ePM2.5 ≥50% ePM2.5
ISO ePM10 ≥50% ePM10
ISO coarse ≥50% Initial separation efficiency
Current subway station ventilation and air conditioning system
Class, exhaust direction Current facility
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Supply Exhaust
EXHAUST EXHAUST EXHAUST EXHAUSTSUPPLY
Existing main line ventilation Thruvent
Main line Ventilation Super fine dust precursor reduction technology: THRUVENT
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Floor plan Floor plan
Cross-section Cross-section
Thruvent
Main line Ventilation Super fine dust precursor reduction technology: THRUVENT
Supply Exhaust
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Floor Plan
Cross Section
Subway mainline ventilation and fine dust reduction Know HowCurrent facility
As a result of negative pressuregenerated with the fine dust or finedust precursor in the outside air isdischarged from the outlet sideThruvent fan, the inlet side pinwheelis operated without power.
The fine dust containing theprecursor is forcibly rotated andtangled, and after the coarsening,the fine dust is filtered by a filter toventilate.
After passing through the filter by theprimary pinwheel and the filter forremoving the second large dust, theremaining dust is filtered by the thirdfilter again, and then the air issupplied or exhausted.
Energy saving is realized by about30%, and there is an excellent effectof reducing fine dust and fine dustprecursor.
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Pinwheel
Thruvent fan
Subway mainline ventilation and fine dust reduction Know HowCurrent facility
As a result of the negative pressuregenerated when the fine dust or finedust precursor in the outside air isdischarged from the outlet sideThruvent fan, the inlet side pinwheelis operated without power.
The fine dust containing theprecursor is forcibly rotated andtangled, and after the coarsening,the fine dust is filtered by a filter toventilate.
After passing through the filter by theprimary pinwheel and the filter forremoving the second large dust, theremaining dust is filtered by the thirdfilter again, and then the air issupplied or exhausted.
Energy saving is realized by about30%, and there is an excellent effectof reducing fine dust and fine dustprecursor.
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Thruvent fan
Main line ventilation super fine dust precursor reduction technology: Thruvent
Detailed view - 3
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Pre-filter with screen-wind(for filtering large dust)
Double perforated plate
Vane
Double perforated plate
Thruvent system
Sensor Unit
Other applications of Flimmer Diffuser
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Overseas subsidiaries and partners
Overseas Subsidiaries
Ventopia USA, Inc.
Ventopia India,Pvt., Ltd.
Ventopia Colombia, Ltd.
VIKorea
Seoul, South Korea
Distributors
YMAGE Trading & Construction Corp.
USA
Colombia
India
Philippines
Underground Parking Lot Smoke Extract System- THRUVENT™ SYSTEM -
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