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School Culture and its relationship to
School Performance
Prepared by
Roselle A. Castillo
Reniel P.Blanca
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The field of education lacks a clear andconsistent definition of school culture. The
term has been used synonymously with
variety of concepts including climate,
ethos, and saga (Deal 1999).
According to Abu bakar and Ikhsam
(2003), school is one small society with very
own culture. School culture defines as thebasic assumption, norms, values, culturalartifacts that are shared by school
members which influence their functioning
at school. (Maslowski, 2001).
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Johnson and Johnson (1995) believed
that there was a relationship betweenschool culture and school performance,
the culture of the school explain good
and bad school performance. There for
Van Houtte (2005) conclude that schoolculture was a better frame from which to
study school effectiveness and school
improvement.
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There is substantial evidence in the
literature to suggest that a schoolprincipal must first understand the
schools culture before implementingchange (Leithwood et al. 2001). Bulach
(1999) stated that a leader must identifya schools existing culture before
attempting to change it. This studycovers about evaluating school culture if
it is healthy or unhealthy and how it
affects school performance.
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There is a need in this research because
it is very important for the school to knowtheir culture before they attempt to
change and implement it. According to
Dr Christopher Wagner (2005) said that
A school performance will never
improve until the school culture is one
where people feel valued, safe and
share the goal of self-improvement.
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1. To be able to identify what kind of
school culture do students of Emilio
Aguinaldo College have in terms of:
Ceremonies/rituals
Beliefs
Values
Perception
Attitude
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2. To determine the type of school culture
of EAC
3. To be able to know the effect of school
culture to the school performance in terms
of:
Curricular
Extra-curricular
4. To be able to discuss the relationship of
school culture and school performance
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1. What kind of school culture do students
of Emilio Aguinaldo College have interms of:
Ceremonies/rituals
Beliefs
Values
Perception
Attitude
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2. What are the effects of school culture tothe school performance in terms of:
Curricular
Extra-curricular
3. Is there a relationship of school culture and
school performance?
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School Culture
Healthy
Unhealthy
familial situations,
medical issues,and non-school
relatedextracurricular
activities
Students
Performance
Curricular
extracurricular
Students
performance
Curricularextracurricular
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Independent Variable School Culture
(square 1)
Dependent Variable Student Performance(square 2)
Intervening Variable Student
Profile/unexpected circumstances***
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Hypothesis
H0: A healthy School Culture leads toexcellent Student Performance.
H0: An unhealthy School Culture leads toPoor Student Performance.
H0: The value of School Culture has no
relation to Student Performance.
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The dynamics by which this research will
proceed is shown in Figure 1. The left boxstands for the independent variable, the
culture prevalent within the school of Emilio
Aguinaldo college which is made up from
such indicators as:(1)Ceremonies/Rituals, (2)Beliefs, (3)Values,
(4)Perception and (5)Attitudes within the
school environment as practiced(?) byadministration members, academic facultyand the student body.
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Data was then taken to establish
relevance to the dependent variable.The right box stands for the performance
of the students with the academic
institution.
This variable was categorized to either
pass curricular and extracurricular
activities, just one of the two, or neither inboth.
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The profile of the students in terms offamilial situations, medical issues, and non-
school related extracurricular activities
were also considered to have bearing on
students performance.
As indicated in the center middle sphere in
Figure 1, the profile indicators stand for the
intervening variable.
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With the conceptual framework,hypotheses were formulated as follows:
(1) H0: An unhealthy School Culture leadsto Poor Student Performance;
(2)H0: The value of School Culture has norelation to Student Performance.
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Research designThe researchers will use a descriptive
research design. Descriptive design is used
to obtain information concerning the currentstatus of the phenomena to describe "what
exists" with respect to variables or conditions
in a situation. The methods involved rangefrom the survey which describes the status
quo, to developmental studies which seek to
determine changes over time.
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Qualitative research method will be used
to gather and interpret the data. It is the
most extensively used by researchers and
scientists for cultural research due to its
ability to fill in areas that quantitativeresearch design cannot. It is a research
method used to study human behaviour
and habit; and is often regarded as a
precursor of quantitative research, in that,
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Population and Sampling
The respondents for this study would be
10% of the population of Emilio AguinaldoCollege Administration, Faculty and Students
(Data on the exact number will beestablished at a later date, wherein, this
area of the chapter shall be revised).
it is used to generate leads and idea
which can be used to formulate a realisticand testable hypothesis.
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Instruments of the Study
The researchers intend to develop a
self-made questionnaire which may be usedto determine and gather the data needed
for this study (This area of the chapter will berevised at a later date).
Source of data/Locale of the study
The locale of the study is at Emilio
Aguinaldo College administration staff,
academic faculty and student body.
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Data Gathering Procedure
The respondents, ranging from admin
staff, faculty staff and students fromdifferent courses, will all be well informed
and assured that this study will not causethem any harm by assuring that all
gathered information and data are to be
kept confidential and will not be exposedin any form aside from the purpose of this
research.
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To ensure the validity of the self madequestionnaire professionals in the field of
psychology and advisers will be consulted
before the questionnaire will bereproduced and distributed to the
respondents of the study.
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After that, the self made questionnairewill be administered to the respondents.
They will be given enough time to answer
the questionnaire. Only one answer will beallowed for every item. After finishing the
test written by hand, all test questionnaires
will be returned before the end of the
testing period.
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Data Analysis Procedure
The data that generated by the self
made questionnaire will be tabulated,analysed and interpreted at a later date.
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