Power Networks
Professor Graeme Burt
Institute for Energy & Environment, University of Strathclyde [email protected]
Power Networks
Why are networks important What are the challenges &
opportunities for networks technologies
Synergies & opportunities Capacity & facilities
WHY ARE NETWORKS IMPORTANT
The carbon reduction challenge
Slide courtesy of National Grid
Transmission
HV Distribution
LV Distribution
Conventional Generation
MV Distribution
Emerging futures
DG 50 MW
DG 10 MW
DG <1 MW
HP μGen
Smart App.
Elec. Cars
Large Wind 100 MW
Flexible Industrial
Loads
Flexible Commercial Loads
Power system transformation
Present
Transmission
HV Distribution
MV Distribution
LV Distribution
Largely unresponsive
Dem
and
Conventional Generation
Energy Security
Costs
Climate change Aging assets
Technology
Markets
CARBON Market
Oil and Gas Market
Transport Sector
Source: System Level Concept Definition – Supergen III: Highly Distributed Power Systems, Report Ref No: EPSRC/HDPS/TR/2008-001November 2008,
CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES FOR NETWORKS TECHNOLOGIES
Active Network Management (ANM) and Smart Grids Paradigm shift from “fit & forget” Accepted characteristics: • Distributed generation • Renewables • Monitoring, communications and control • Preventive and corrective actions • Flexible & adaptable • Embedded intelligence • Autonomy
Acknowledgement: Alinata, Victoria, Australia
Source: www.nature.com
Orkney: zonal approach to automated power flow management
Each zone has a thermal limitation on generation output at any given time
Whole system has a further thermal limit on generation output
Real time control of wind and marine generating units based on measurements and control logic
Technology being taken forward by university spin-out company
Active network management solutions
SOUTH RONALDSAY
FLOTTAHOY
STROMNESS
BURGARHILL
SHAPINSAY
STRONSAY
EDAY
SANDAY
WESTRAY
KIRKWALLKIRKWALL
Significant impact of distributed generation (CHP and DG) on low voltage electricity distribution systems
Monitoring, control, communications technologies are key enablers
Local network challenges
0200400600800
1000120014001600
Elec
trici
ty c
onsu
mpt
ion
(kW
)
Time
Domestic demand showing impact of 10% penetration of EVs
Charging …Domestic …
55%
2010
Asset Utilisation
BaU
2020 2030
35%
25%
Year 2010 2020 2030+
Utilisation: BaU
55% 35% <25%
Utilisation: Smart
55% 40% >50%
Benefit <0 ~£2.5b ~£45b
Smart Grid= paradigm shift in providing flexibility: from redundancy in assets to more intelligent operation through incorporation of demand side and advanced network technologies in support of real time grid management
Benefits and budget integration of DER are very significant
Integrated DER (Smart Grid)
Demand Side Participation
Influence of time of use of electrical energy through innovative tariffs
Benefits for – management of wind variability – deferment of network reinforcement
Enabled by Home Area Networks (HAN) and automated control
Smart Plug
Meter
Web Servic
e
National/Zonal Demand
Usage Statistics
Task Criticality
Schedule Time
Advances
Request Advances
Best Tariff/ time to use
INDO Requests
Visualisation and intelligent interpretation of energy usage
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
04:0
004
:50
05:4
006
:30
07:2
008
:10
09:0
009
:50
10:4
011
:30
12:2
013
:10
14:0
014
:50
15:4
016
:30
17:2
018
:10
19:0
019
:50
20:4
021
:30
22:2
023
:10
00:0
000
:50
01:4
002
:30
03:2
0
Prob
abili
ty
Time (24hrs)
Probability of cars in use weekdays VS weekends Cars in use weekdaysCars in use weekends
‘Wind powered’ transport
Plug-in hybrid or all electric vehicles Privately owned cars are utilised only 5.2%
of time of transportation, thus they are available up to 94.8% of time as responsive load or provide secondary function, V2G or G2V
Simultaneous charging could exceed power network capacity
Impact of sudden changes in generation - April 2011 (1GW)
4mins Disconnections @ 08:41
49.67Hz
Hardware research and testing: validation and verification of innovative controls
Protection IEDs
Substation Gateway
HMI
LAN Interface
D&A Interface
RTDS
mature highly interconnected system comprising urban rings of 275 kV overlaid with the 400 kV Supergrid
need to construct new HVDC circuits and upgrade the AC network with FACTS devices
challenges: – carbon reduction – incorporating large scale
renewable energy – improving demand side
management capability
GB Transmission Network
Renewable generation interfaces HVDC networks & technologies Power Electronics for networks Electrical Machine Drives Integration of Energy storage
Power electronics for offshore
‘Oceans of Opportunity’, published Sept 2009, EWEA
Frie
nds
of th
e su
perg
rid
HVDC Transmission
Principle option for offshore wind power transmission Technologies
Current source converter (CSC) based Voltage source converter (VSC) based
produce Q -- AC voltage support Multi-terminal VSCs
‘Oceans of Opportunity’, published Sept 2009, EWEA
Asset Management Capabilities
Sensor design Data acquisition Partial discharge and RF measurement Intelligent data analysis Automated diagnostics Distributed intelligence architectures Asset management methods
SYNERGIES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Marine Power Systems
• Increasing popularity of all-electric designs – Fuel efficiency and emissions reduction – Flexibility and reliability – High capacity, low impedance – Novel architectures/loads
http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/queen_mary/images/image_1.jpg
http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/horizon/images/Type45_2.jpg
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/images/tanker-lng-image101.jpg
The Energy RD&D Landscape
Research Applied research and development
Demonstration
Pre-commercial deployment
Reg
iona
lN
atio
nal
Euro
pean
Research Councils
Technology Strategy Board
Energy Technologies Institute
Carbon Trust
Environmental Transformation Fund
Framework Programme
RDA Schemes
Devolved Administrations
Ene
rgy
Gen
erat
ion
Kno
wle
dge
Tran
sfer
Net
wor
k di
ssem
inat
ing
info
rmat
ion
and
prov
idin
g fu
ndin
g ad
vice
.
SP1 Network Operation
SP2 Energy Management
SP3 I&C System Interoperability
SP4 Electrical Storage
Technology
SP5 Transmission
Network
CAPACITY & FACILITIES
Network Excellence for Smarter Grids
Testing infrastructure for Smart Grids
Facilities Extensive desktop simulation tools Real time simulation + RT- PHIL Network monitoring and WAMS data
sets Control room simulator Industrial control & monitoring
platforms
26
Network Excellence for Smarter Grids
Testing infrastructure for Smart Grids
Research & Services Protection device &
scheme testing Network and DER control
algorithm evaluation Communications
emulation and simulation for smart grid controls
Inverter testing under fault conditions
27
Network Excellence for Smarter Grids
European Distributed Energy resources Laboratories e.V. Network of Excellence for Smarter Grids
28
Power Network Demonstration
Centre
Facility – power & ICT
Knowledge & skills
Partnership
Test bed
UK showcase
Accelerator
Demonstration Development Research Deployment
www.strath.ac.uk/pndc
Core Research Programme Themes: • Network Management • Asset Diagnostics & Prognostics • Protection • Systems & Platforms • DER/DSM/V2G Technology • Sensors & Measurement • Distribution Control & Automation • Communications • Network Devices
Top Related