8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 1/25
DMW:203(Psychological Ramifications &Resource Mobilization)
Faculty: Mr. Anuj Kumar VakshaPresented by:
B. Bhamathi C.R. Garg
B.B. Batra
MBA(DM) 2009-2011 (IVth Trim)
1
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 2/25
Introduction³Natural hazards, which are becoming more intense andfrequent, have a devastating impact on the world¶s poor. Alarge-scale hazard that hits a highly vulnerable community
with low capacity to cope, reverses hard-won developmentgains, entrenching people in poverty cycles, and increasingvulnerability. How to break these cycles is a hugechallenge for governments, development practitioners andsocieties as a whole.´
y Mr. Yiping Zhou
Director,
Special Unit for South-South Cooperation, UNDP
2
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 3/25
Quote:
³Over recent years, the international community
has come to realize that relief and developmentare not separate topics; disaster vulnerability haseverything to do with poverty and development,and vice versa.´
(Wolfensohn* and Cherpitel^ 2002)
*President, World Bank & ^Secretary General,IFRC
3
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 4/25
Poverty:³Poverty is not a state of deprivation but also a state of
vulnerability´
y
Poverty and vulnerability are closely related.y The sources of risk include expensive illness, death of a
breadwinner, natural calamities (flood, drought, animal
diseases, crop failure, etc.)
y The need to meet customary obligations (weddings,
funerals), political instability, communal riots etc.
y The coping mechanisms against such crisis lead the poor
into a situation of further debt and impoverishment
4
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 5/25
Constitutional Provisions
y Articles 39(a) and 41 of the Constitution require that the
State should within the limits of its economic capacity,make effective provision for securing the right to work, to
education, and to public assistance in case of
unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement.
y Though social security is not viewed as a fundamental
right, Article 42 requires that the State should makeprovision for securing just and humane conditions of work
and for maternity relief.
5
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 6/25
Contd..
y Article 43 states that States shall endeavour to secure toall workers -agricultural, industrial, or otherwise, a living
wage, such conditions of work that ensure a decent
standard of life.
y Article 47 requires that the State should, as its primary
duty, raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living
of its people and improve public health.
6
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 7/25
EXISTING SOCIAL SECURITY
SCENARIO
y The existing social security system in India exhibits diversecharacteristics.
yThere are a large number of schemes, administered bydifferent agencies, each scheme designed for a specificpurpose and target group of beneficiaries, floated as they areby the Central and State Governments as well as by NGOs inresponse to their own perceptions of needs, of the particular time.
y
Many a time some scheme(s) might be responsible for creating µexclusion¶ of the large number of those µin mostcritical need for support from the planning process¶, ongrounds of practicability or to protect the interests of thosewho are already µin¶.
7
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 8/25
Gaps
y There are wide gaps in coverage (a large population is
still uncovered under any scheme) and overlapping of benefits (a section of the population is covered under two
or more schemes). In the existing system, coverage
varies from scheme to scheme, with different groups of
people receiving different types of benefits. In other
words, no one is insured against all risks of life.
8
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 9/25
Initiativesy Over the years, both Central and State Governments
have been taking initiatives for the welfare and social
security of the workers in the unorganized sector.
y Similarly, several insurance/poverty alleviation schemes
are being implemented by various
ministries/departments, as well as by States like Kerala
and Tamil Nadu, which have constituted Welfare Fundsfor some occupational groups.
9
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 10/25
Initiatives
y The Govt. of India has initiated numerous schemes for
the poverty alleviation in rural as well as urban areas.y All such schemes are in place for the peace times
y Till a couple of years back there were no schemes for
poverty reduction for people stuck with disasters
y
Over the years many programmes with internationalpartnerships and aids have made certain inroads in
achieving the desired goals in poverty alleviation
10
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 11/25
Community-based disaster
preparedness for poverty alleviation- A case study
World Vision ± India (In partnership with World Vision UK,the Government of India and UNICEF)
y In February 2006, World Vision India initiated a projectaiming to strengthen community disaster preparedness
and mitigation, and provide wealth creation anddiversification. Targeting 15,000 disaster-vulnerablefarmers and marginalized people, with a special focus onchildren, the project sought to improve livelihoods asdisaster risk safeguards.
11
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 12/25
The case study
yThis project aimed to integrate emergency response anddisaster risk reduction into development in Malda District,
located 300 km north of Kolkata, West Bengal State, by
targeting the most vulnerable groups through age,
gender and livelihood-tailored interventions
12
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 13/25
Contd..
yMalda District is one of India¶s 199 multi-hazard districts.It is known for its exposure to floods, cyclones and
drought, as well as heavy seasonal migration. The
development focus of the project is on improvement of
livelihoods, with the intention of building in disaster risk
safeguards.
13
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 14/25
Objectivesy The main goal of the project was to strengthen
community disaster preparedness and mitigationmeasures, and provide wealth creation and
diversification. Its key objectives are:y To promote disaster awareness activities and foster
attitudes of preparedness so that communities candeal with disasters
y To help community members establish alternativesources of income to reduce their vulnerability todisaster
y To improve access to and use of appropriate water,sanitation and shelter facilities
14
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 15/25
Disaster Risk Reduction
y The Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) component of the
project was initiated in February 2006, with trainingactivities held in 2007. The project was completed in
2008. It was modeled around the Hyogo Framework for
Action 2005-2015:
y Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities
to Disasters
15
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 16/25
The Project
y The project was implemented in two gram panchayats
(16 villages) of Gazole Block in Malda District, covering15,000 community members.
y Almost every year the district suffers from one or more
disasters, with farmers and marginalized people being
the most affected.
16
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 17/25
World Vision India and the Malda
Area Development Programme
y World Vision India and the Malda Area Development
Program implementing the project with funding fromWorld Vision UK.
y UNICEF developed and released the µColouring Book on
Disaster Preparedness¶.
y The Civil Defence Office of the Government of India and
the Social Mobilization Office of UNICEF conducted
disaster preparedness training courses.
17
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 18/25
Target Groupsy The target groups are farmers and marginalized people,
with a special focus on children and women.
y
A total of 15,000 people were targeted.y The project has made the following major impacts:
y Awareness of disaster response and preparedness
measures have risen significantly in local communities
of Malda District.
y Previously, the district did not take disaster
preparedness seriously as they were not exposed to
the deadly disasters experienced by coastal regions.
18
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 19/25
The approach
y After the distribution of newly published disaster
preparedness colouring books to elementary schoolchildren in schools and youth clubs, even illiterate
parents are aware of hazards and disaster risks.
y As a result, Local Relief Action Teams (LRATs) were
formed from village volunteers.
y The community volunteers include many women, and
are trained in first aid, rescue methods, and rescue
operations in coordination with the government.
19
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 20/25
Contd..y Vulnerability assessments were completed and, as a
result, 50 vulnerable families were provided with
income-generating activities and 30 of the most
vulnerable women were trained in tailoring - as part of
the project¶s skill development training.
y The project also involved the community in the
following activities: renovation of ponds, installation of
tube wells, digging of open wells, construction of roadsand the building of two relief centres
y World Vision is working with 50 vibrant children¶s clubs
consisting of children aged six to 18
20
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 21/25
Contribution to Poverty Reductiony Providing financial assistance such as grants to the
poorest households ± specifically, grants for economic
activities that would build coping mechanisms and protect
livelihoods.
y Increasing the income of the poorest households by
generating income opportunities.
y Creating and increasing livelihood assets to ensure
sustainable income, through continuous access to micro-finance
21
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 22/25
Contd.
y Training community-based organizations, to improve their
capacity for identifying candidates for economicdevelopment programmes
y The project has helped reduce poverty, disaster risk and
vulnerability through income-generation activities
targeting the most vulnerable and poor.
y The activities included pond renovation, drinking water
purification and relief centre construction.
22
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 23/25
The methodology
y Carrying out vulnerability assessments that measure
economic and environmental factors, and identifycapacities for reducing disaster risk.
y Conducting Participatory Learning and Action (PLA)
exercises, specifically of village mapping, trend analysis,
seasonality and wealth ranking
y Forming Local Relief Action Teams (LRATs), which are
core teams of civil defence officials and community
volunteers trained to respond to disasters.
23
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 24/25
Summing Up
y To sum up, it should be stressed that integrating disaster risk reduction into poverty reduction does indeed help
reduce the vulnerability of the poor
24
8/8/2019 Poverty Reduction & Disaster Management-A Case Study
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/poverty-reduction-disaster-management-a-case-study 25/25
Thank You
y Sources:
y 11th Five Year Plan 2007-12(Planning Commission)
y Linking Disaster Risk Reduction & Poverty Reduction-Focus Humanitarian &
UNDP
y A Primer on Linking Disaster Risk Reduction-TATA DHAN Academy Madurai
y What is Disaster?- Ronald W. Perry & E.L. Quarantelli
25
Top Related