cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Potential and limits of new media in learning and teaching from a didactical point of view
Karsten D. WolfDidactical Design of Interactive Learning Environments
Winter School 2008 „e-Learning in the Environmental and Geosciences“Monday, 13.01.2008
FB 12 Erziehungs- und BildungswissenschaftenDidaktische Gestaltung
multimedialer Lernumgebungen
http://www.ifeb.uni-bremen.de/wolf
http://www.zmml.uni-bremen.de/
© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
getting from standardized teaching…
…to individual learning
…result in huge benefits
Bloom, B.S. (1984). The 2 sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring. Educational Researcher, 13, 4-16.
ca. 98% Percentil
the solution is obvious
0
25
50
75
100
learning
usage of media
Really?
didactics as a leverage
0
25
50
75
100
learning
didactical improvement
Karsten D. Wolf ©2007
Questions today
What is „new“ about New Media?
Why is didactics the limiting factor?
When does didactics play no role at all?
How does new media support „new“ didactics?
Are we witnessing a paradigm shift in education?
© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
What is „new“ about New Media?
❖ Multimedia❖ Interactive❖ Networked❖ Constructionist❖ Social❖ Mobile
❖ Connectionist❖ Mashed &
Remixed❖ GISed❖ Embodied❖ Open
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Multimedia
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Multimedia 1658
• Johann Amos Comenius
• Orbis sensualium pictus
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
A Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
Richard E. Mayer (2001)
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Richard E. Mayer (2001)
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Results
• use words AND pictures
• place pictures and words nearer
• present pictures and words simultaneously
• exclude extraneous words, pictures, and sounds
• use animation and narration
• use conversational style
• give people control over pace
• include cues about organization and importance
• effects are stronger for low-knowledge learners
Richard E. Mayer (2001)
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Interactivity
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Interactivity
inter
between
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Interactivity
inter
between
listenthinkspeak
listenthinkspeak
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Interactivity
time time
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
no interactivity
time time
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Active watching?
time time
Intake
Intake
Intake
Intake
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Active watching?
time time
Intake
Intake
Intake
Intake
re-acti
on,
no
interactio
n
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Red Hot Chili Peppers Throw Away Your Television
• Throw Away Your Television
• Time to make this clean decision
• It‘s a repeat, of the story told
• It‘s a repeat, and it‘s getting old
• Re-create your supervision now
• Re-invent your intuition now
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
active reading?
time time
Intake
Intake
Intake
Intake
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Levels of interactivityaccording to Chris Crawford
low high
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
my view of my fridge
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
my fridge‘s view
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
interactive fridge
inter
between
listenthinkspeak
listenthinkspeak
???
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2008
interactivity of my fridge
listen = wait for input of switch
think = run program (done in hardware)
speak = switch on light
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Brain Age 2 (Nintendo DS)
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Wii Fitness…
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Buzz! The School Quiz
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Network access
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Constructionist Constructionist
attribution: wasta on flickr
//bwr
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
buildpublicentities
Seymour PapertFather of Logo
Constructionist
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Social Social
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Mobile Mobile
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Connectivist - Connectionist? Connectivist – Connectionist?
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Connectivism
• Learning as a network forming process
• Knowledge rests in networks
• Trans-individual theory
• Knowing what / how / where
• formation process of theory, but good model for „new“ media
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Mashed & ReMixed
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
mashup = combing services + adding some usefulnessre-mix = re-using material in a novel combination
symbiotic relationships and rich learning ecosystems
Google Maps*
*http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
re-mixes and mashupsmashup = combing + adding some usefulness
re-mix = re-using material in a novel combination
symbiotic relationships and rich learning ecosystemsGoogle Maps*
*http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
GISed
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Embodied
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Open
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
really lots of peoplereally lots of people
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Blogs
© Karsten D. Wolf 2007
really lots of people
measures the „blogosphere“
„71 million blogs…some of them have to be good.“
–Matt
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
http://www.sifry.com/alerts/archives/000493.html2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
10M20M30M40M50M60M70M
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
1,731,000 569,000
474,000 367,000
353,000 288,000
283,000 251,000
222,000 221,000
19.04.2007Slides: www.slideshare.net/kadewe
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
+17% +13%
+19% +17%
+18% +27%
+25% +15%
+27% +14%
ca. 6 months later (1.10.2007)
Suomi +22%
Slides: www.slideshare.net/kadewe
What is „new“ in didactics?
How people learnNational Research Council
Bransford Brown Cocking
How people learnNational Research Council
Bransford Brown Cocking
no more drill & practice
• authentic
• motivational complex problems to solve
• highly interactive
• self-regulated construction
• rich learning material
• plurality of views and perspectives
(Reinmann-Rothmeier / Mandl 1996)
∑ Consensus
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008Brent Davis 2004
Metaphysical Physical
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008Brent Davis 2004
Mysticism
Religion
Rationalism
EmpirismStructuralism
Post-Structuralism
ComplexityScience
Ecology
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008Brent Davis 2004
Mysticism
educatingnurturingfosteringtutoring
Religion
discipliningindoctrinating
inductingtrainingguiding
Rationalism
instructinginforming
edifingdirectinglecturing
Empirism
schoolinginculcating
conditioningtraining
remediating
Structuralism
facilitatingmediatingmentoringmodelinginitiating
Post-Structuralism
emancipatingliberating
empoweringgiving voicepedagogy
ComplexityScience
improvisingoccasioning
structuringframing
participating
Ecology
conversinglisteningmindingcaring
© Karsten D. Wolf 2008
„new“ media and „new“ didactics combined
• paradigm shift
• open education and open contents
• authority shift
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Wikipedias
WiktionariesWikiquotes
WikinewsWikibooks
Wikisources
Wikiversities
today
1 years
2-5 years
10-40 years
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
open content for open education
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
today: well informed patients stomp physicans / M.D.s
tomorrow: well informed students stomp teachers?
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
user generated content
is here to stay!
but does it change education as we know it?
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
R.I.P.
Mass adoption of Constructivism in the Classroom
Idea born multiple timesNever received in practice
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008Web 2.0 services
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
literally thousands of „Web 2.0“ tools
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
(networked)apprenticeshipenvironments:
see how expertswork and solve problems John Seely Brown
Xerox ParcCognitive Apprenticeship
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
culture of participation
recreation to become a form of re-creation (remix, tinkering, sharing) based on productive inquiry situated in communities of co-creation
learning about ➙ learning to be
http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/419/
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
user generated content
ideas from Sony‘s„Little Big Planet“
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2007
Faculty educational scienceDidactical design of
interactive learning environments
What does it mean to me?
© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2006
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Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
metutors
studenttutors
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© Prof. Dr. Karsten D. Wolf 2006
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Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
metutors
studenttutors
studentstudents
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
before: my average course had 30 pages
today: 250 - 350 pages, ~90% done by students
higher motivation & deeper learning
much smaller participation gap
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
cc by Karsten D. Wolf 2008
Education is a matter of power
Education is about the question, what the old generation wants from the young generation (Schleiermacher)
formal education: top-down approachmass- media: top-down approach
user generated content: bottom up, informal settings, self-chosen curriculum, certification by projects done
Karsten D. Wolf ©2007
Answers today
„New“ New Media
New didactical ideas
Self-organization
Participation
Facilitating
Conversing
Empowering
A 600 pound gorilla is emerging
Educational power balances are shifting
FB 12 Erziehungs- und BildungswissenschaftenDidaktische Gestaltung
multimedialer Lernumgebungen
http://www.ifeb.uni-bremen.de/wolf
http://www.zmml.uni-bremen.de/
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