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Post Earthquake Damage andUsability Assessment ofBuildings in Italy
Mauro DolceDirector General and Head of the Seismic Risk Office,Director General and Head of the Seismic Risk Office,
National Civil Protection Dept, Rome, ItalyNational Civil Protection Dept, Rome, ItalyProfessor of Earthquake Engineering, University of Naples, FederProfessor of Earthquake Engineering, University of Naples, Federico IIico II
TEREXFinalWorkshop,
Lucca,PalazzoDucale,November28,2010
APPROCCIOINTEGRATOALLEEMERGENZE:
UNESPERIENZAMULTISCALA
INTEGRATEDAPPROACH
TO
THE
EMERGENCIES:
AMULTISCALEEXPERIENCE
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Seismic damage and usability assessment aims to:
evaluate the (seismic) safety conditions of
constructions (buildings and others) affected by
earthquake damage,
in order to:
enable people to return home
social and economical activities to restart
SEISMICUSABILITYASSESSMENTSCOPE
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Dwelling private buildings (standard characteristics)
Public buildings (standard characteristics; e.g. schools)
Office buildings (standard characteristics) Public strategic buildings (special structural and
equipment characteristics; e.g. hospitals)
Industrial buildings (special characteristics)
Monumental buildings churches
Monumental buildings palaces
Monumental buildings others
Infrastructural construction bridges
Tanks of water distribution systems
. Distributed lifelines (transport, water, el.power, gas,)
SEISMICUSABILITYASSESSMENT
OBJECTSOFINVESTIGATIONS
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USE
Management of post-emergency
(e.g: No. of shelters and temporary houses for
homeless people)Repair and reconstruction
(e.g.: strategy and overall funds needed, reimbursement
for repair of individual dwellings)Scientific advancements (in the long run)
(data collected contribute to the improvement of the
vulnerability assessment methods: e.g. fragility curves,damage probability distributions)
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TOOLS
Inspection form and compilation manual
(approved by a decree of the Prime Minister in 2008)
Procedures set up by DPC(for collection of requests, team assignments, validation
of compiled forms)
Management Software (SET)
(based on procedures)
Compilation tools
(paper forms, pen & paper, PDA, )
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AEDESFORMANDSHORT
MANUAL
ACOMPREHENSIVE
ANDDETAILED
MANUALHASBEEN
PUBLISHEDANDIS
AVAILABLEIN
ITALIANAND
ENGLISH
http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bits
tream/111111111/12910/
1/7914%20
%20EUR22868EN.pdf
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SECTION1 BUILDINGIDENTIFICATION
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SECTION2 BUILDINGDESCRIPTION
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SECTION3 STRUCTURALTYPE
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SECTION4,5 DAMAGEDESCRIPTION
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SECTION6 EXTERNALRISK
SECTION7 SOILANDFOUNDATION
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SECTION8 USABILITY
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USABILITY operationaldefinition
Postearthquakeusabilityevaluationisaquickand
temporarilylimitedassessment,basedonexpertjudgement
ofspeciallytrainedtechnicalteams,onvisualscreeningand
oneasilycollecteddata,aimedtodetectif,duringthecurrent
seismiccrisis,damagedbuildingscanbeused,humanlife
beingreasonably
safeguarded.
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USABILITY scale
A) USABLE Building can be used without measures.
Small damage, negligible risk for human life.
B) USABLE WITHCOUNTERMEASURES Building is damaged, but can be used whenshort term countermeasures are taken
C) PARTIALLY USABLE Only a part of the building can be safely used
D) TEMPORARILY
UNUSABLE
Building to be re-inspected. Unusable until the
new inspection.
E) UNUSABLE Building cannot be used due to high
structural, non structural or geotechnical risk
for human life. Not necessarily imminent riskof total collapse.
F) UNUSABLE FOR
EXTERNAL RISKBuilding could be used, but it cannot due the
high risk caused by external factors (heavy
damaged adjacent or facing buildings,possible rock falls, etc.)
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MayorMayor
PROCEDURE
1. citizenaskMayorfor
survey
2. Mayorgathersthe
requestsandtransmits
totheOperative
Center
3. OperativeCenter(OC)sendstechnicalteams
4. techniciansassess
damage&safety,
reportto
Mayor
and
OC
5. Mayordecideson
buildingevacuation
andprovisional
intervention
Citizens requestCitizens request
O.C.O.C. TeamsTeams
SurveySurvey
AssessmentresultAssessmentresult
STRATEGICBUILDINGS
CityHall
CHURCHES&MONUMENTS
PRIVATEHOUSES
1
2 3
4
5
PROCEDURE
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PASTEXPERIENCE
PosteqsurveyBEFORE1997
70.000inspectionsaftertheFriuliEarthquake(1976),
250.000inspections
after
the
Irpinia
Earthquake
(1980)
Severalformsproposedandusedinthepast,somebythe
regions,some
by
GNDT
(National
Group
for
Earthquake
Protection).
Themainaimoftheregionswastheeconomicdamage
assessment,
themainaimofGNDTformswasthevulnerability+
damage assessment.
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PASTEXPERIENCE
PosteqsurveySINCE1997
Aunifiedprocedure wasintroduced,withforms,manuals
andthen
software.
Maingoalistheusability assessment,alsoallowingaquick
estimateofvulnerability,visualdamageandloss
assessment.35.000inspectionsinMarcheregion(outof110.000
Marche+Umbria) 1997
20.000inspections
in
Basilicata
and
Calabria
1998
27.000inspectionsinMoliseandPuglia 2002
80.000inspectionsinAbruzzo 2009
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80000
inspections80
000
inspections
7 April
~8500inspectors(260000mandays)
>300expertsforpreparatoryactivitiesandprocessing
Validationmadeattheendoftheday
Manualdataentry extremelycumbersome
LAquila Earthquake April 6, 2009
No. of inspections carried out
Buildingsinareas
withintensity>6wereallinspected
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LAquilaEarthquake April6,2009
Generalstatistics
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PRIVATE PUBLIC
BARRACKS SCHOOLS
HOSPITALS
PROD.ACTIVITIES
LAquilaEarthquake April6,2009Statisticsperuse
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REPEATEDINSPECTIONS OUTCOMEVARIATIONS12 ANDE1LAST
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Inspections Percentage Outcome
324 23,3% USABLE
181 13,0% USABLE WITH COUNTERMEASURES
32 2,3% PARTIALLY USABLE
85 6,1% TEMPORARILY UNUSABLE BUILDINGS
733 52,8% UNUSABLE
33 2,4% UNUSABLE BUILDINGS FOR EXTERNAL RISK
Usabilityofmonumentalbuildings
Thesurveyformismore
complexthanfor
standardbuidings
due
to
thepeculiartiesof
churchesandpalaces
1800
inspections
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dataentry:THEBOTTLENECK
ManuallyManuallybyoperators
ScannerScanner scanningthe
census
form
to
obtain
a file. XML to complete the post earthquake
DB.
PDAPDA fillingintheinspectionformonaPDA.Data
aresenteitherinrealtimeorbydeferredentry
DigitalpenDigitalpenfillinginthecensusdamageformusing
digitalpentechnology.Data aresenteitherinreal
time
or
by
deferred
entry,
through
electronic
inkpot
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STEPMob_Server:3modules
TheClientMod. TheMobileMod. TheServerMod.
forplanning
thesurvey
fordatagatheringin
thefield
forpublishingthe
collecteddata
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BaseMaps
Localorthophotosimporteddirectlyfrom fileorweb
byspecifying
coordinates
in
any
known
map
projection
Mapsoverlayedfrommaincommercialdataproviders:
providingimmediate,
free
high
resolution
imagery
at
global
level.
Web
based
data
sources
connected
using
open
standardsinterfaces(e.g.MinistriesandInternationalOrganisations)
TheClientMod.
forplanning thesurvey
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CompatibilitywithOpenStandardsforDataSharing
WebMappingService(WMS)
Astandardforpublishing
interactivemaps
on
the
web
WebFeatureService(WFS) A
standardfor
consulting
and
editinggeographicfeatures
(vectordata)usingwebbased
technology
CompliancewithOpen
GeospatialConsortium
WMSandWFS
standardsfordata
consultation
and
publication
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RoadMaps ImageryHybridviews
CompatibilitywithFreeCommercialDataServices
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PlanningofSurveyLocations
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GlobalLocalization
throughSatellite
Positioning
Datatransmission
usingGPRS/UMTS
PostEQInspectionManagementand
MobileData
Collection
ProjectInternationalExercise,Bovec(SLO) 2427/09/08
Th S M d
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TheServerMod. FORPUBLISHINGTHECOLLECTEDDATA
ONLINE
usinginteractive
map
server
OFFLINE
through
interactive
package
that
can
be
sent
byemail
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ALPEN ELEMENTS
BALLPOINTPEN
LOCALMEMORY(UPTO40Pg./A4)
OPTICALMARK
RECOGNITION
SW
DATATRASMISSIONVIABT/GPRS
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COMMONA/4PAPER
USINGEXISTINGFORMS
EASYTOPRINT
THEGRIDOFPOINTSPRINTEDONTHEFORM
DETERMINESTHE
COORDINATE
OF
CHECKS
AND
WRITING
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ALPEN TheSystem
Companyserver
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DIGITALINKPOT
DIGITALPEN
BLUETOOTH
GPRS/EDGE
REALREAL
TIMETIME
DEFERREDTIMEDEFERREDTIME
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CURRENTAPPLICATIONS
HEALTH
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PUBLICADMINISTRATION
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COMMERCIALENVIRONMENT
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T tti i ll hi ff tt ti i l i
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Tuttiisopralluoghieffettuatiinclusi
quelliripetuti
Soloisopralluoghi
assegnati
i &
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RemoteSensing&DamageAssessment
WithinTEREX,DPChastesteditscapabilitiesto
usesatelliteearthobservationtechnologyfor
earthquakeemergency
response
through:
Italianemergencyresponseprojectsusingsatellite
technology(Progetto
Opera,
Progetto
Sigris)
EuropeanUnionEmergencyResponseServicesbased
uponsatellitetechnology(GMESERS,Global
Monitoringfor
Environment
and
Security
Emergency
ResponseService)
Bothsystems
are
synergetic
and
integrated
Recent satellite images have been acquired over
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RecentsatelliteimageshavebeenacquiredoverFivizzanoandothertestareastoprovideupdated
baselinelayers
to
support
damage
assessment
activitiesScenario1(Vaglidam)coordinates:
4408 33.7 N
1020 36.6 E
Bufferradiusaroundcentrepoint:3km
Scenario2(realbuildingdemolition)coordinates:
Camporgiano:
4410'0.66"N
1018'19.11"E
Sillano
4413'22.26"N
1018'0.76"E
Bufferradiusaroundcentrepoints:3km
Scenario3(Fivizzanoarea)coordinates:
Upperleft:
4415 30.61 N
1001 54.46 E
Lowerright:
4408 60 N
1011 44.42 E
Scenario4(Di.Coma.C.)coordinates:
4408 33.7 N
1020 36.6 E
Bufferradiusaroundcentrepoint:1km
1) Dwellingunitfootprintsareextractedfromrecentveryhigh
l ti i d d il bl ithi i ht h (
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resolutionimagesandmadeavailablewithineighthours(asper
protocolduringrealemergencies)
2)
Buildingfootprints
are
merged
into
the
national
geo
data
warehouse
tobeusedby thefielddamagesurveyteams asreferencelayer
3) Di.Coma.C.,CCS/SOPI,COMcanmonitorinnearrealtimethe fieldteam
damageassessmentdataentry
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COMPILED FORM SENT
BY P&P
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BY P&P
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FASTREPORTS
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AUTOMATIC
REPORTS
CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
SETP&P
Amodernandflexibledamage/usabilityassessment
method/procedurehas
been
set
up,
making
use
of
the
mostupdatedtechnology
Theflexibilityofthemethod(differentdatacollection
supports,different
data
entries)
guarantees
its
robustnessandfriendlinesstooperators
TheTEREXexercisetesthasturnedouttobesuccessful
Tobecome
fully
operative
in
more
challenging
real
emergencysituationafullintegrationofall
technologiesmustbeachieved
CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
INTEGRATIONAND
INTEROPERABILITY
Basiccomponentsaretheinspection formandmanual,
establishedby
aDecree
of
the
Prime
Minister
in
2008
Compilationtoolsandmanagementsystemshavebeen
andarebeingimplementedondifferentplatforms(by
someRegions)
Integrationofdatacomingfromdifferent
platformsmustbeguaranteedforacorrect
managementofmajoremergencysituations
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