POSSIBILITIES FOR CROSS - BORDER TOURISM CLUSTERS DEVELOPMENT IN EUROREGION NEISSE-NISA-NYSA
Piotr Szwinta
Wrocław University of Economics
Faculty of Economics, Managment and Tourism
Department of Regional Economy
RESEARCH GOAL
The goal of this study is to present propositions
of cross – border tourism clusters developmnt
in Euroregion Neisse – Nisa – Nysa and
potential advantages of this project.
CONCEPT OF CLUSTERS
Geographic concentration of interconnected
companies (manufactures, service providers,
specialized suppliers) and associated
institutions (universities, research centers,
government agencies, trade associations etc.),
that compete with each other but also
cooperate in a particular field.
(Porter, 2001)
TOURISM CLUSTERS
PREMISES IN CROSS – BORDER TOURISM CLUSTERS DEVELOPMENT IN EUROREGION NEISSE – NISA - NYSA
favorable geographical location (tourist attractions, natural environment, climate, landscape, customs, traditional crafts, folklore, historic buildings, technical monuments etc.)
high concentration of competitive tourism enterprises strong tourist infrastructure engagement of the local-governments in the tourism
development process (national and international promotion of the region; projects of renovation, revitalization and restoration of towns and villages; support for SMEs sector, modernization of local infrastructure, environmental protection projects etc.)
strong academic infrastructure in the vicinity (Liberec, Jelenia Góra, Goerlitz, Zittau)
existence of support organizations (local tourism organizations, associations, foundations etc.)
willingness for collaboration between tourism economy entities
PROPOSITIONS OF CROSS – BORDER TOURISM CLUSTERS DEVELOPMNT IN EUROREGION NEISSE – NISA – NYSA
Basic brand Sites of collaboration Main hubs Area The main goal of the cluster
1. Karkonosze Polish - Czech Szklarska Poręba, Karpacz, Kowary, Harrachov, Špindlerův Mlýn Janské Lázně, Pec pod Sněžkou
district jeleniogórski, district Jelenia Góra, district Semily, district (outside area of Euroregion Neisse – Nisa - Nysa)
Increase in tourism potential of the region and creation of competitive advantage.
2. Izerskie Mountains Polish - Czech Świeradów-Zdrój, Liberec, Jablonec nad Nysą,Frýdlant, Nové Město pod Smrkem, Tanvald , Desná, Hejnice
district lwówecki, district Liberec, district Jablonec nad Nisou
Tourism industry development
3. Oberlausitz Polish - German Lubań, Bogatynia, Zgorzelec, Bautzen, Görlitz, Zittau, Bischofswerda, Hoyerswerda, Niesky, Löbau, Kamenz, Weißenberg, Weißwasser
district Bautzen, district Görlitz, district zgorzelecki, district lubański
Cross – border tourism collaboration
4. Health tourism Polish - Czech Cieplice Zdrój (Jelenia Góra), Świeradów Zdrój, Czerniawa Zdrój, Jańskie Łaźnie
Indicated health resorts
Collaboration of medical institutions, health resorts and tourism firms.
5. Europa - Miasto Görlitz/Zgorzelec
Polish - German Görlitz, Zgorzelec Town as a cluster Urban tourism development
POTENTIAL TOURISM CLUSTER MEMBERSSMEs hotels, guesthouses, mountain hostels, restaurants,
bars, pubs, clubs, entertainment centers, transport
companies, touristic operators, travel agencies,
vendorsLocal authorities communes, districts
Support organizations local tourism organizations, associations, foundations, government agencies, regional agencies, financial institutions, law firms
Academic institutions Faculty of Economics, Management and Tourism of Wrocław University of Economics, Technical University of Liberec, Karkonosze State Higher School in Jelenia Góra, Wroclaw University of Technology – a Regional Branch in Jelenia Góra, Hochschule Zittau – Goerlitz, IHI Zittau
THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF A POTENTIAL CROSS – BORDER
TOURISM CLUSTER Common promotion of regional brands and
products (winter sports, mountain hiking, crafts, food etc.)
Enhancement of cross–border cooperation. Support for start-up and SMEs sector. Developing tourism infrastructure. Stimulation of innovation in tourism industry. Increase of a quality of hospitality services. Increase in the tourist accessibility of the
region through the development of transport (communication routes, railway, aviation).
POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF CLUSTERING IN EUROREGION
tourism development, easier transfer of information, higher level of efficiency and productivity
within cluster, sharing of best practices among Polish –
Czech – German entities (firms, local authorities, academics etc.),
more opportunities for reaching broader spectrum of customers,
new business formation, knowledge spillovers and innovation
creation.
WILLINGNESS FOR COLLABORATION AMONG ENTERPRISES FOCUSED ON
TOURISM ACTIVITY IN KARKONOSZE – A SURVEY STUDY
Survey goal Examination of existing cooperation links among businesses and their willigness to collaborate within cluster
Form questionnaire
Area PL: Karpacz , Szklarska Poręba,CZ: Harrachov Špindlerův Mlýn
Period April 2013
Target Representiatives of SMEs from tourism industry
Number of respondents 44 in Poland39 in Czech Republic
Structure of respondents 63% accommodation 16% gastronomy 22% other entities
CHART 1. DECLARATION OF COLLABORATION WITH OTHER COMPANIES AND/OR INSTITUTIONS FROM TOURISM SECTOR MADE BY
THE RESPONDENTS.
45%
55%
Poland
Yes No
85%
15%
Czech Republic
Yes No
Source: questionnaire results
CHART 2. IN WHAT WAY DOES TOURISM ECONOMY ENTITIES COOPERATE.
Others
Cooperation with competitors
Share of information
Formal meetings
Informal meetings
Being a member of local tourism organization
Cooperation with local authorities
“Neighborhood” help
Cooperation agreements
0.0%
0.0%
9.1%
13.6%
13.6%
15.9%
18.2%
27.3%
36.4%
Poland
Others
Formal meetings
Share of information
Being a member of local tourism organization
Cooperation with competitors
Cooperation with local authorities
Cooperation agreements
Informal meetings
“Neighborhood” help
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%
7.7%
15.4%
23.1%
30.8%
38.5%
43.6%
46.2%
48.7%
61.5%
Czech Republic
Source: questionnaire results
CHART 3. FIELDS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN TOURISM ECONOMY ENTITIES.
Preservation of regional culture
Education and training
Improvement of tourist information system
Environmental protection
Transport
Organizing of tourism trade fairs and events
Developing tourism infrastructure
Lobbing for tourism development at local level
Promotion of region
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
4.5%
9.1%
9.1%
9.1%
11.4%
15.9%
18.2%
27.3%
36.4%
Poland
Education and training
Improvement of tourist information system
Preservation of regional culture
Transport
Developing tourism infrastructure
Lobbing for tourism development
Organizing of tourism trade fairs and events
Environmental protection
Promotion of region
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%
7.7%
10.3%
12.8%
15.4%
15.4%
20.5%
23.1%
30.8%
69.2%
Czech Republic
Source: questionnaire results
CHART 4. WILLINGNESS FOR COLLABORATION WITHIN CLUSTER STRUCTURE IN THE RESPONDENT’S OPINION.
36%
18%
45%
Poland
Yes
No
I do not have enough knowledge about it.
46%
54%
Czech Republic
Yes I do not have enough knowledge about it
Source: questionnaire results
CHART 5. EXPECTATIONS REGARDING ENTERING THE CLUSTER.
More confidence
Facile access to information
Financing from EU funds
Improving general infrastructure
More profits
Support from local authorities
Positive influence on the future of my town and/or whole region
Benefits from common promotion
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%
27.3%
36.4%
40.9%
29.5%
45.5%
50.0%
56.8%
63.6%
7.7%
38.5%
41.0%
53.8%
61.5%
61.5%
64.1%
69.2%
Czech Republic Poland
Source: questionnaire results
CHART 6. FEARS REGARDING ENTERING THE CLUSTER.
Stronger competition between entities
Limitation on business freedom
Stealing ideas
To much local authorities interventions
Additional costs
More bureaucracy
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%
0.0%
7.7%
23.1%
35.9%
41.0%
61.5%
Czech Republic
Stronger competition between entities
Limitation on business freedom
Additional costs
To much local authorities interventions
Stealing ideas
More bureaucracy
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0%
18.2%
20.5%
27.3%
31.8%
36.4%
81.8%
Poland
Source: questionnaire results
CHART 7. WILLINGNESS FOR COLLABORATION WITHIN CZECH-POLISH CROSS-BORDER CLUSTER.
82%
18%
Poland
Yes
I do not have enough knowledge about it.
69%
31%
Czech Republic
Yes
I do not have enough knowledge about it
Source: questionnaire results
CONCLUSIONS
Tourism is one of the most important sector of the economy
of Euroregion Neisse – Nisa - Nysa. Despite support from EU
Funds for cross – border cooperation between tourism
economy entities, this cooperation is still insufficient. One of
the way to solve this problem is by creating tourism clusters.
The project of establishing cross – border tourism clusters in
the area of Euroregion Neisse – Nisa – Nysa could enhance
collaboration beetwen tourism economy entities and increase
tourism potential of the region.
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