POPULATION & MIGRATION MOVEMENT AND DIFFUSION
POPULATION
• More than 7 billion people
• 80% in “Pings”
• Just over 50% in urban areas
DENSITY
• Density – # of people per square mile
• Agricultural - # of farmers per unit of arable land
• Physiological - # of people per unit of arable land
DISTRIBUTION
• The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
COMPOSITION• Pyramids – bar graph
representing the distribution of population by age and sex
• Ethnic patterns in US
Population PyramidsSudan, 2000
United States, 2000
Italy, 2000
POPULATION & NATURAL HAZARDS
• Technology and InnovationAgricultural RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionMedical Revolution
• Black Plague• Irish Potato Famine• World Wars• Hurricanes - Katrina• AIDS
Vocabulary• total fertility rate • infant mortality rate• life expectancy• Natural increase rate
(BR-DR)• doubling time• dependency ratio• J-curve• pyramids• carrying capacity
Excessive population of an area to the point of overcrowding, depletion of natural resources, or environmental deterioration
OVERPOPULATION
Thomas Malthus• British economist in 1798• Population limited by the
means of food production• Population will increase
with food production• Private checks – “moral
restraint, celibacy, chastity• Destructive checks – war,
poverty, pestilence, famine
What is the “carrying capacity” related to today?
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
• Based on Western Europe’s experiences
• Stage 3 - personal choices – most critical stage
• Stage 4 – social customs - women
POPULATION POLICIES• China’s One-Child Policy
• India’s policy – democracy, education, family planning
• Mexico – educating against the Machismo factor
• United States – norms/mores (1750, 1950); changing demographics
MIGRATION• Long-term movement of a person from one
political jurisdiction to another
• Immigrate/EmigrateEconomic
PoliticalEnvironmental
Cultural
MIGRATION
• Push Factors • Pull Factors
MIGRATION
• Forced migration• Voluntary migration
CULTURAL PATTERS AND PROCESS
CONCEPTS OF CULTURE
CULTURE –
The way of life of a group of people
Think: ABC’S of CULTURE!
CONCEPTS OF CULTURETRAIT –
A single attribute of culture, such as wearing a turban in a Muslim society
CONCEPTS OF CULTURECOMPLEX –Combination of
traits; related set of traits, such as prevailing dress codes, cooking, eating utensils
CONCEPTS OF CULTURESYSTEM – Combined cultural complexes;
Northern China eats wheat; Southern China eats rice; both speak a similar language; shared history, philosophy, cultural traditions & attitudes
CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
The imprint of cultures on the land creates distinct and characteristic
examples
CULTURAL LANDSCAPES & IDENTITY1. VALUES AND PREFERENCES – language, religion,
entertainment, government buildings
“atmosphere” – easy to perceive, difficult to define
“China Town” “Little
Italy” “Main Street”
“Wall Street”
CULTURAL LANDSCAPES & IDENTITY
2. SYMBOLIC LANDSCAPES –
size of Hindu/Buddhist temples are smaller than Islamic mosque or Christian church
toponyms (New York, Washington, D.C., Palestine/Rome/Paris/Athens/Berlin Texas)
CULTURE HEARTH Point of origin
and source of cultural growth and diffusion
CULTURAL DIFFUSION From the hearths,
cultural innovations and ideas spread to other areas
CONCEPTS OF CULTUREPERCEPTIONVarying ideas and attitudes about space, place, and territory
CONCEPTS OF CULTUREACCULTURATION
Process in which a culture is substantially changed through interaction with another culture but it does not completely disappear
CONCEPTS OF CULTUREREGIONS – areas in which
there is a degree of homogeneity in the cultural characteristics; areas with similar landscapes
1 – the Americas2 – Western Europe3 – Eastern Europe4 – Far East/Orient5 – South Asia
CONCEPTS OF CULTURE6 – Southeast Asia
7 – Oceania
8 – Middle East/Arab World
9 – West Africa
10 – Sub-Saharan Africa
LANGUAGESFamily – shared but distant origins (Indo-European)
Branch – collection of languages related through a common ancestor (Romance, Germanic)
Group – collection of languages within a branch that share common origin and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary (West Germanic: English, German, Dutch
Lingua Franca – common language understood by many people although they each speak another language
Pidgin – language that has a small vocabulary and is combined and distorted from two or more languages
LANGUAGES2007 Statistics
LANGUAGE FAMILY MAJOR LANGUAGE #/MILLIONSIndo-European Spanish 488
English 468 Hindi 274 Portuguese 269 Bengali 259 Russian 220
Sino-Tibetan Mandarin Chinese 1322Japanese-Korean Japanese 185
Korean 75
Afro-Asiatic Arabic 312
RELIGIONdifficult to define, but contains some common characteristics:
1 – belief in a god or gods 3 – literature/book2 – rituals 4 – ethics/rules
monotheism – belief in one god
polytheism – belief in more than one god
animism – a soul or spirit is attributed to various phenomena
universalizing – actively seeking converts - *CONFLICT*
ethnic – closely identified with a specific cultural group
RELIGION 2007 statisticsRELIGION TOTAL # %
Christianity 2,112,000 33.32
Islam 1, 344,000 21.01
Hinduism 832,000 13.26
No Religion 541,420 11.77
Buddhism 373,760 5.84
Atheism 148,480 2.32
Sikhism 22,400 .35
Judaism 14,720 0.23
RELIGION
Cultural Landscape
food eaten/meals
festivals/clothing
temples/mosques/churches
statues/figurines
ETHNICITY
Combination of a people’s culture (traditions, customs, language, & religion) and racial ancestry
Ethnic cleansing is the slaughter or forced removal of one ethnic group from its home by another group
Ethnic conflicts – Yugoslavia, Quebec, Holocaust(?)
GENDERRoles performed culturally as
designated by gender
Women still perform the majority of the domestic work
In the workplace, women do not get paid the same as men or have the same number of opportunities
Urban landscapes – statues and monuments typically male (war heroes, etc.)
POPULAR CULTUREMassive,
homogeneous, diffuse rapidly, technological
FOLK CULTURETraditional, small, individualistic, family, little if any technology
MAKE CONNECTIONS!Beliefs, Institutions, Language, Landscape, Technology
Buddhism in Southeast Asia; Islam in Middle East; consumerism in USA; development in UAE
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE
• #1 Don't Panic--when a student sees the question their first response will probably be "Ms. Wurst did not teach us this....I wasted my time in her class." Okay you have one minute to think this and get over it. Now, take a big breath. This may be true but she did teach you some of the elements...read the question....break it down...what can you answer.....
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE
• #2 Always remember to "THINK GEOGRAPHICALLY". This is a geography test not a history test. Location, Scale, and Time are important.
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE
• #3 Practice--Go to the College Board Web Site and look at the previous questions. Notice how they can be approached from different subject areas (they usually cover more than one topic). Outline your answers (or answer them if you have the time). Then look at the rubric and see if they hit the right points. Grade their own or peer grade their outlines.
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE
• #4 Assume the reader is tired....it is the end of the day...they have been grading since 8:00....Help the reader find the answer. Label the different sections or at least start a new paragraph for each part of the question. Underline appropriate terms. For example if the question asks for the definition of a nation......then underline the word nation so the reader can see..."Oh yes here is the definition."
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE
• #5 ANSWER THE QUESTION--don't ramble....yes it is better to try to answer the question instead of leaving it blank....but don't show off....if you have answered the question don't keep writing in order to tell the reader everything you have learned in APHG this year.
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE
• Which goes back to # 1 Break the FRQ down. Answer each part from the geographic perspective (#2) and help the reader know that this is your answer (#4).
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