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POLITICAL ECONOMY OF EXTRACTIVESGOVERNANCE IN SIERRA LEONE
Richard Fanthorpe and Christopher Gabelle
JULY 2013
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CONTENTS
AC ED E ........................................................................................................................ 2
E EC E A ....................................................................................................................... 3
AC ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1. D C ......................................................................................................................... 8
2. D .................................................................. 10
2.1 E B : D ............ .............. .............. ........... .... 10
2.2 D I M : L H E ............... .............. 18
2.3 G E E D ............... ............. ........... ... 24
C 3. A A F E E AC E D E A E C A ...................................... 28
3.1 A C L ........... .............. ............. ............... .............. ........... ............ 28
3.2 M ............................................................................ 33
3.3 C ............. ............ ............. ............... .............. ........... ............ 37
3.4. D M .............. ............. .............. ............. ............. ............ 39
3.5. D ............... ............ ............. ............... .............. ............. ...... 41
3.6 E E C ........................................................... 42
C A E 4. E A E DE E AC E E A CE................................................. 46
4.1 C G .............. ............... .......... ............... ............... .............. ............ ............... 46
4.2 L G ................................................................................................................ 50
4.3 D ............... .............. ............ ............. ............... ............ ............... .......... 51
4.4 M C ............. .............. .......... ............... .............. ............. ........... ............... ....... 52
4.5 ........................................................................................................................ 52
4.6 C G .......................................................................................................... 52
4.7 M ........... ............... .............. ............ ............. .............. ............. ........... ............... .............. 54
4.8 C ........................................................................................................................ 54
C A E 5. A E A AD F E AC E E A CE E A E E ..................... 56
5.1 I ........................................................................................................................... 56 5.2 L G F ................................................................................ 57
5.3 K A E M E B ........................................ 59
5.4 G , I C B . .................................................... 63
5.5 F M . .............................................................................................. 69
5.6 E ( ). 72
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5.7 L E D , L C , D G .............. 74
6 C C ......................................................................................................................... 76
B B A ................................................................................................................................. 78
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2
, .
G L ( ), M F E D , M M M , M A E A . D
, DFID GI , , .
. .
.
L M LC A M L ,
, .
, L
.
J K . H ,
.
, J K K , C , B F , L , M
J , M , , , , H K B .
M (AF 3 M ) F A B (
L C M ).
F C G J 2013
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3
L
G L . ,
,
, G .
, , ,
, , .
, L .
, ( ) L .
, , ,
. B ,
, , ,
, .
, , . E ,
L . , ,
( ,, , , )
( / , , ), L .
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D GS D G S
D M D M
DP D P
EIA E I A
EITAP E I T A P
EITI E I T I
EMP E M P
EPA E P A
ESR E S R
GBAA G B A A
GDP G D P
GGDO G G D O
GIZ D G I Z
G SL G S L
HDI H D I
IMF I M F
IOC I O C
IRCBP I R C B P
J4P J P
LM L M
MAB M A B
MAFFS M A , F F S
MASEU M A S E U
MCAS M C A S
MDA M , D A ( G )
MFR M F R
MLA M L A
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MLECP M L , E C P
MLGRD M L G R D
MMA M M A
MMMR M M M R
MMO M M O
M FED M F E D
MRRT M R R T
NACE N A C E
NCA N C A
NDMC N D M C
NEC N E C
NEPAD N P A D
NMA N M A
NMJD N M J D
NRA N R A
NRC N R C
ODA O D A
P&PP P P P (W B )
PAYE P A Y E
PFMA P F M A
PFMICP P F M I C P
PFMRD P F M R D
PFMRS P F M R S
PIU P I U
PMDC P M D C
PMU P M U
PRS P R S
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PRSP P R S P
PSC P S C
PSRU P S R U
RUF R U F
SLEITI S L E I T I
SLPMB S L P M B
SLPP S L P P
SLNSC S L N S C
SLST S L S T
SLTRC S L T R C
SPU S P U
SRL S R L
TA T A
TDA T D A
TDF T D F
TTL T T L
UMU U M W U
UNDP U N D P
WB W B
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1.
1. S L (1991 2002), ( ). S 2009, (
) , , 1
. S L
, 2 .Y .
2. T S L , : G S L
(G SL), (DP ), (CSO ), , . T W B C A S P
R (CASPR) 3 . T CASPR
, ,
F . H , CASPR
. T : ) ; ) ( , ,
, , , ); ) ) , . I ( ) , CASPR
( ). T : )
; ) ; ) .
3. I 2004, S L T R C (SLTRC) ,
, , .4 I
,
. B S L
. C ,
1 I S 2009, A P C S L L . I N 2010, M
. A A 2013, G SL .
2 R GDP 2012 15% 2012 6% 2011, GDP 6.3%. P GDP 2013 25% (
8.3%), 2014 14.15 (7.9%) 2015 12.1% (7.0%). S W B , D PAD S G R GC , M 2013.3 W B , C A S P R R S L P FY 10 13 , J 2012.4 SLTRC, : L C , V 2 C 2, F , 2004.
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9
SL ,
.
4. T ( ).
T . B
, SL . 5
5. T . F , CT SL ,
. C T S L C F , ,
. C
F S L
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, .
5 N. B , T. M L L. V , ? , W B ,2012.6 M. F , T. O N L. W , T P O D , P G P , O D I ,A 2013.
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10
2. C ,
/ L , ( ) / ,
.
2.1 :
7. T F S L . D
(2004) 15.5% S L 4.9 F ( 167
2), 60% 2,000 . 7 F S L , , ,
, , (W A ). A 22%
M , B K . T 10% , , 65% ,
80% (K , P , M , T ,K K ). T
. 8 I 2010, 21% S L 2 ( 31% A ) 5% . 9
8. R S L . 10 S L HDI 2012 0.359 (
S S A 0.475), 177 187 .W S L HDI (
) 0.21, 41.6%. T HDI 33.5% HDI 35% S S A .
T S L . 11
9. S L . T WA B C C SL , A A . T A C . B 19 , F , 30,000
. T S L P ( ) 1896 C . W P
7 I. S , A. K , J. N , G S L 2004 P H C : , S L , S S L , 2006.
8 S. B , P. A , B. K B. M , G S L 2004 P H C : , S S L , 2006.
9 N. P V. F , S L : , P R W P 5713, WB , J 2011.10 I 2008, 53% S L US$1.25 . I 2010, 77%
( , ).L 2012 48.1 35.1 (46.9% 24.4% ).11 U N , : , H D R 2013.
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F , B
. 12 T , P
. 13 A 1915, 2 6 77 (1897
1974).
2.1.1 C I
10. C P .T ( . .
) , F . 14 C
S L P ; . T
K C ( ). T
. T . F ,
. F , 1978 55% L (
) 29% E ( ).S . 15
11. T . E ( . . , )
. 16 P . 17 I ,
. 18 S ,
( ). H , S L . 19
12. L S L . D F
12 T.J. A A : L , , , L , 1910.
13 M. K , A : L . C , M .,1966.14 R. F M.G. S , R : 21 S L ,
C G G P C T , 2009.15 F.C. T M H. L , L S L : PL O 1927 , U L , 1981.16 R. F , A.L M.G. S , D S L : , , DFID, 2011.17 F , T 2007
. U , . I
, ( . . ) . S R. F , BRACE
, C W , 2007.18 F , , D .19 R. F , N ? L N A S L , A
A 100 , 2001.
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12
W W . B 1930 , P F K 3:2. 20 F ,
. F , F 1919 L . T 1926 E
, S L DC (DELCO) M 1935 1938. 21 B , ,
, . T
P , , . 22 I 1955, A A W U
T G W U F . A ,
. TC I
.23
2.1.2 C
13. H , S L . 24 N
.D 1951 C P . S L S L PP (SLPP). D , SLPP
P K 1957. 25 T . F , ,
. H , . B ,
. 26 S ,
S . A M M (K D ) S L P I
M 1960 (S S 2.2.2).
14. T SLPP
20 M. B , A : F , O 1957.21 H. C , L S L , L H , 15 , 1968; I.A , P : S L , 1933 38 , A
, 35 , 1992.22 J. F , M . J. . F , BE, D C , L , F 1935.
23 G S L , C I ( 1955 M 1956 ), F , 1956, .82.24 K , . 25 J. C , L , 1947 1967 , T , 1970.26 C , L .
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. 27 T A P C (APC),
, , F . T APC
, 1967. 28 H ,
. APC , APC S S . U , S
. T
. W 1971,
1972. V , , . I 1978,
.
15. S . F , 30,000
S L , 1970 , 0.5% . T . 29 T , , . O . 30 T
. 31
2.1.3 E
16. L . B S . I 1970 , ,
, . 32 T
, . S
27
S. H , P M , A , 10 , 1937.28 C , L , .132, C A C , 1965.29 A F , 24% K 21% B , K M . T
33% ( 1% ) 41% 15 24. A 72.7
L , 63.1 L 83.7 L . S D. B , J. T , H. F , R U S
L : , A R E P N .13, M S U , 1976.30 K.P. M , L , : S L , A B , 2 3 , 1979.31 S , , B. B , E A : , O , 2001.32 V. D , W A : S L , C S A E , OU , M 2002.
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, (S S 2.2.2). 33
17. E , S L P
M B (SLPMB) :
. I 1960 , L ,
B D , L MB L
34,600 , . , ,
L MB ...B 1966/7 1973/4 L MB L 1.8 L 12 , L 13.8
. , , :
; ; ; ; ; ;
. 34
18. O ( )
. 35
19. A 1980 , S L 70% , F , 80%
. 36 H , . R ,
S 1985. D SL , C W
S , J.S. M , . B M , , . 37 E
. A S L :
33 W. R , C L , C , 199534 B. R , B : S L ,C J A , 19 , 1985, . 534 5.35 E. M , T S L , IFDA D , J /S 1990.36 V. D , S L , 1961 2000 B. N , S.O C , J P A , R. B ( ),
A , 1960 2000: 2 ( ) , C , 2007. 37 W. R , A , B , C ., 1998.
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22. T , , . W
( ) . T
. F , APC SLPP P P 2007
. 44 T 2007 SLPP N E C P E B K SLPP ,
, . T SLPP ,
. P K 2012 74% F W A
11% 26% SLPP . SLPP J M B , K , 4% 6%
APC 37% K . 45 T APC 2012 (
), P K .23. T F W A ( W ,H , G G )
. W
2014, F W A . S W A
(S L , L C D I ) ,
. 46 I S L , , PRSP S L:
A 70% , . M , , . C ,
, , , . M
. . 25 35
. F . I , ,
44 S L : ? I C G , 2008.45 F . . .46 M. S , W A , U N I D O , 2007.
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, , . I , . 47
24. T . F , I N PS S IRCBP 2008 2011
S P (M , B , B P ), E P (K K ) (K ).H , B D (69%
), . A 77% 81% . 48 W
, .
25. F ,
. C , , / , ,
. 49 T S L
. T (PMU ) , ( . . N R A ),
( . . D A C O N C S A ), ( . . P S R U , L RC H R C ), ( . .N M A E P A )
( . . A C C ). T , S L
.
26. S L ,
F . T
, W B C A S PR (CASPR) S L :
,
47 G S L , A : (PRSP II), 2008 2012 , 2009, .98.48 W B , R IRCBP 2011 I N P S S , J 2012.49 I 2005 , O D A (ODA) S L US$336 ,
46% . I 2010, ODA 24.4% S L GNI, S S A (D R C , B L ). S G S
L , D A S L , 2004 2005 , D A C O , F , 2006 H D R 2013.
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.50
27. C W B 51 S L ( C 5) ,
/ . 52 H ,
S L . C ,
. T S
.
2.2 :
2.2.1 L I M
28. L S L . I 1930 S L D C (DELCO)
M (P L D ), . 53 DELCO P
S L R . M 57% S L DELCO ,
. B1952, , 59% S L
, 32%. DELCO
2,834 S L .54
D 1960 ,
, . H , 1973 DELCO
2.25 G SL 1975.A G H M 1981
. T G SL , . 55
29. A DELCO . A , 82.75%
45 B . 56 F
40%
50 W B , C A S P R R S L P FY 10 13 , J 2012.P.12.51 A , , / .
52 W B , G S L , O 2012.53 H. J , L : S L , E G , 32 , 1956.54 H. J , M S L , G , 42 , 1957.55 S :// . . / . .56 A. H A. T , T : S LD C , J M A , 16 , 1978.
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DELCO . T B 25 30% . 57
F , 5% DELCO, ( SL ),
. T M
DELCO S L F . 58
30. DELCO , . 59 I 1950
L S H T D A M
L , . 60 DELCO L , ,
. I 1959, E U S A
L , 12,000. 61 T 46% L DELCO , 40%
14% . M L . E L
67% 1959 , 27% 10%
35 . 62 L . M F , . O
DELCO S L
:
I L , , . H A
, D C M L ,63 M M C . ,
, D E L . H C M
L G F ; I D M . 64
M
M , M , L . K L . L E A L .
57 E. M , C , L , L , MD, 1993.58 C M , C , .45.59 J. C , L L , L 1978.60 H. J . M S L , G , 42, 1957.61 K. L , T S L , UNESCO, 1962.62 A.R. M , A L , L ( ) 21, 1967.63 A L64 A N P
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F . F M B . C
, . , , , . 65
2.2.2 A M
31. H , S L ,
. W 1930 , ,
S L S T (SLST), C A S T . H , 20,000 K 2, , , , , , , , . 66
A , 75,000 S L 1956, .
32. V SLST . T A D M S (ADMS), 1956
, .U ,
. T ( )
( ) . T , . 67
33. T KD . D K ,
, , K . A K P M (KPM), . R SLPP
, KPM F S L PI M (SLPIM) . T
, ,
. 68 T KPM 1957 , SLPIM,
K D 1962. Y . T SLPP
KPM
65 D. G , S (L ) S L , L ( ), 17,1963. .256 7.66 T. K , T S L , S. P J. C ( .), C
A , L , M ., 1974.67 A. Z W , , : L , L , 1995.68 F. H , T : S L , C J A , VI, 1972.
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SLPP.KPM SLPP 1965
. 69
34. A APC S S . A , K
D S .70
S . I , S G K D
. H , S . 71 T
1967 1970 S L 51% SLST N D M C (NDMC).
T K K D . D ,
L ,
. M C C M S (CCMS), 1973. A , :
C C M .
, DMC
, . , . I
, CCM ,
. M
M A . . I ,
. 72
35. T K D , . 73 T
. A , 80 90% S L
2006. 74 A 2008, 46% S L
69 H , .70 W. R , C L , C , 1995.71 R , C , . 85 100.72 C. F , D S L :
, P D , U L , 1999, .164 5.73 R. F R. M , B ? M , S L ,
A A , 109, 2010.74 D I A R , S L 2006 , P A C , F , F 2006.
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. 75 R , , K H (
B / T ) L S KD . 76 P S L 200,000 . B ,
S L 14,000 2010. 77
36. I ) ) . 78 I
. E ,
50% 90% . 79
37. H , . H , , . 80 T . H ,
. D
. O ,, :
A , , ,
... I ,
. , ,
, , . A ,
, .
.81
2.2.3 L E D
38. L DELCO , F M . B ( , , ) ( L M )
75 O. B L , 2008 : S L , USGS, 2010.76 L. C M. B , A S L : ? , J I D , 23, 2011.77 O. B L , 2010 : S L , USGS, 2012.78 P. R , F : , L , L 1996.79 D I A R , S L 2004 , P A C , F , J 2004.80 R. M A. B , F ? D S L , J , 23 , 200781 A. B , A S L , G , 67 , 1982, .124.
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. T S L , DELCO
, . 82 F , S L , . I
, .
39. I 1970 , S L ,
, . 83 H , , , , ( )
S L , . A , . T K H (
O ) K D 2007 ( G SL C I ), , A M
L S L , . 84
40. H , S L
, . T 1970
. W ,
. G ,
S L . H , .
41. C SL . Y , , 2012
. T ( ) , . M
GDP , . T
82 A F M 2013, .
83 S , , K , T S L84 T A M , A , F , 28 M 2013.
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. 85 T S S L .
2.3
2.3.1 I E ?
42. T . C , 29
US D GAVI A . H ,
S L , . T S L ,
. 86 F , 60,600 S
L 2005, 1.2% . T 15,500 , 24,750 , 8,450 11,900 . P
. C 2004 49% , 4% . I 2005, E S O 40%
26% ( 11 14) . 87 A WB 87% 13,617 2011
11% ( 26% G 14.3% S ). 88
43. D ( . . , ) . F ,
M 2013 ,
. H , , :
S L G . S . 89.
44. A . Y (
) , . I
85
C US$44 2013, US$58 2014, US$70 2015, US$74 2016 US$98 2017. S IMF, S L :F O C G , 2013.86 P , , S L 87 T. B , R. F , J. G , L. G M.G. S S L D C , IDL G , 2006.88 W B , S L : , 2012.89 T , F 1980
B D . H . S
( W A ) , MP . I ,
1990 . S , SLPP , SLPP APC.
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47. O E , 2009, K C C A
P O . W L G A 2004,
(APC PMDC). TE I M C D ,
.96
A D M M 2013 , . 97 H , . 98
48. T
( . . , , ) , ,
, , . 99 T , .
49. O , . A E ,
. S , S H
(O P ) , . 100 H ,
G SL , N R A (NRA) 2002. 101 R
GDP. R 11.53% GDP 2004 9.16% 2007, ( 6.20% GDP 2004 4.54% 2007). R . D 1.99% GDP 2004 0.81%
GDP 2007 ( ), 2% GDP 2009. 102 T , ,
96 T L K C C , , F , 13 J 2010.97 M M S P S R , A , F , 28 M 2013.98 A . F ,
. P , .
99 I , F .
100 T O P P S R U , S P U , P PP U , A C C , O D A , S L E IT I , S L E P A , O N S , PR U , N HIV/AIDS S , H R M O , A P RM N A G P C .101 T N R A C E I T D
.102 P , , S L .
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NRA , , .
50. T A G 2011 S L .T A G D O F S G SL,
, . T A G NRA, A
L .103
51. S L I
, , . T
. S , . 104 B
1990 .
52. A S L
G SL ? T S L ( ) . B . I , (
) . Y . A , ,
, . T .
53. D SL , . O
,
.
103A S S L , A G A L , 2011 , F , D 2012.P.6.104 V. S D. L , W : S L ,P R P 6153, W B , J 2012.
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3.
C L , .
.
3.1
3.1.1 C
54. T S L ,
. P K P 2007. 105 A T
F M L A , S P U (SPU) O P , J 2008
. I . 106 T T F A 2009 107
G SL : S R , K H (O ), V (S M )
L M PLC.
55. T K E PA (EPA), O P . 108 E ( . .
, , , , , , ) 2008 A E I A (EIA). T EPA EIA . T ,
EPA .
56. F L R C M M
D 1994 2005 M F R (MFR) M M M R (MMMR),
. T M M A (MMA) 2009,
105 M . , . M . M G ,
. G M I L B . G M B L . P E B K , I A
P , 5 O 2007.106 T F M A L (T R ) , .107 G S L , R F R M R , A 2009.108 T , EPA A 2008, : ) M ; ) ; ) ; )
, , ) ; )
) .
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( , , , ), . T M C
A S (MCAS) S L . T MCAS
J 2012. T
N M A (NMA), M 2013. T NMA , , S L . I M M A 2009. 109 T NMA MMMR,
G G D O (GGDO).
3.1.2
57. T S L , L M PLC (LM) A M L (AML),
MMA 2009, I T A 2000 F A 2010. S L , N A C E (NACE), N M J D (NMJD),
C J M (CJM), . F
, NACE 110 LM D 2009 A 2011, :
LM 25 . T
S L 30
LM ,
T : ,
LM ,
LM ,
58. C S L . F , SR L (SRL) S L 1970
30 . M ,
G SL .
109 G S L , T N M A (NMA) , MMMR, J 2011.110 NACE, T L M : , , M 2012.
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T G SL 25 E E U 2004, SRL
. T US$25 U S . 111 T G SL
SRL, S R A A 2002. B 2004, 0.5%,
1%, . I 2014. U , G SL S R H L (SRHL), SRL, PAYE .
59. I A 2012, S R A A 2002 P , : )
G SL SRHL; ) PAYE ) PAYE . A ,
G SL US$17 . 112 S G SL ,
SRHL . 113 I , S R G SL SRHL
, . I , SRL
A 2012.
60. G S L
( , G SL
. M , ,
, , ). O
, . H ,
, . P T F M A L , . T T F
P . F , G SL P ,
L G .114 A
, . I ,
, .
111 NACE, S L : , M 2009.112 S R PAYE, G , .
. / / . .113 S R , , F , 6 M 2012.114 T L G 2012 SA A S R A A 2002 .
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61. D . T 2005 MFR MMMR . M ,
, . S
.115
A 2009 ' , . 116
T MCAS S L . H ,
, . A M 2013,
, M 2013
. U , S L .
62. C , , . T
MMMR, EPA M A B (MAB), NMA. T MAB M M D 1994 . I D M (C ) G S
, C I T , A G ,D I A , D L E C M , S S
M . T MAB : ) S S ; ) ; )
; ) ) . T 2005 MFR MAB . I
B , , U M U ,
. I MAB C . 117
63. T MMA 2009 MAB: , C D S , I G P ,
P C S L Y C . E B EPA NRA. T MAB
C P M MMR.T MMA MAB ,
1994 D : ) M , , , ) .
115 G S L , M M M R , G RS , O 2005.116 A , R S L : , , D 2009 .117 M M M R , 2005.
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64. T NMA, NMA A 2012, 118
S L ,
. C MAB, NMA . B
, .I , MAB NMA . H ,
, .
65. A NMA MAB.T NMA A 2012 ,
MMMR, NMA. T NMA MAB . H , D
G NMA MAB. W D G C MAB P ,
NMA , MAB
( ).
66. T MMA 2009 EPA A 2008 EPA . S 131 2009 A M
MMR ( . . EPA) E P A . S 133 MMA , E P A ,
. A
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A .
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118 S NMA : ) 2009 A ; ) M ; ) M
; ) .
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. T ,
P .
68. T S L . T G SL C M P 2004,
. A , , 2008 SPU S H . T E
S I A (ESIA) E P A (EPA) . A ,
MMMR SPU .
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. A MMA 2009, , ,
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.
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, S L .
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119 S , , F. M E. S U A : S S L , O I , A 2012.
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MMA 2009 , ,
, , , , . T D M D 2011, P . T
E S R M S (ESR)
.121
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C L C (CLC) CDA . T CLC : ) ( ) ; ) ; )
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, , ); ) . T CLC . T
EIA , EMP , SIA , SMP CDA . T EPA B D M
.
75. T G SL L C P , L
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, 20% 50% S L ; ) S L ,
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, D M M EPA CDA . N CDA
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121 T ESR M S EPA : ) , ; ) ; )
. T S I A (SIA ) S
M P (SMP ) EIA EMP .122 S R S L : , GIZ, J 2012.
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. O G SL NMA, NMA A 2012, NMA CDA . H , NMA
.
77.
I , MMMR O R ESR L O
D . H , S L
. 123 A , MMMR CRS MMA 2009,
EPA EPA A 2008 ESR. T ,
MMA 2009.
78. A MMMR 200 M M O (MMO ), M M D 1994 MMA 2009. T
M M F (MMF), . 124 S M MMO ,
. S MMO MMF M . F , ,
.
79. F , NMA A 2012 D M M S , MMA 2009 , NMA. H ,
M D M M S . I M 2013, D M M . H ,
D M MMA 2009 NMA D G NMA. 125 I , NMA
, D M . A ,
MMA 2009 .
123 A L C A , 2006 2011. I , J SC O
S L L C .
124 M M M R , 2005.125 T D G ) , ; )
; ) D M M S .
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3.3
3.3.1 C
80. I 2010, S L 60% (US$199.5 ) 11% (US$32 , PAYE).T 1.4% GDP. 126 H ,
( ) . I 2010/11, IMF 51.4% S L GDP 2012. A 6%
2011, GDP S L 15% 2012 . N GDP 2012 6.3%. C
GDP S L 25% (8.3% ) 2013,14.15% (7.9%) 2014 12.1% (7.0%) 2015. 127
81. T P E P B P J 2011. T
, ,
EITI.
82. W , IMF, G SL E I R B , ( ). T B ) , ) )
. N , B 30%, , , M R
R T (MRRT). T MRRT 40% ( . .
30% 38% MRRT ). A M 2013, B P .
83. I N 2012, G SL S LN C (SLNC), S L N SC I P G . T N C A(NCA), P P ,
SLNSC 40% , , ,
R S L . SLNSC NCA 40%
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126 S. D , N : S L , D W , O 2011.127 W B , D PAD S G R G C , M 2013 .
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. T NCA SLNC 10% .
84. I M 2013, S L E IT I (EITI) . T
EITI S 2012
2 18 .128
T MCAS 27 US$4,000
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. 129
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86. I , SLETI EITI
N R A (NRA) MMMR. T MCAS ,
. H , SLEITI S L ,
S L A G (S S 2.3).
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US D ) 2012. B 2012 ( , ), ( S
H ), , . T G SL .
T G SL 2013 . B
, , , G SL . A FY2013 SRL E
U . T . W 2012
128 B & A , R S SLEITI (2008 2010) , S 2012.129 M S G SLEITI, V , D 2012.
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, S L , , ,
. 130
88. U , NCA
P . S SLNC , , . 131 O
SLNC. T G SL . W NCA ,
. T ,
S L
, , : 1) ; 2) ; 3), ; 4) ; 5) . 132 S
MRRT, . 133
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3.4.1 C
90. T G S L , T D
C F 2012. T A P (PSRP III) : (75%)
. ,
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132 R S L : , , D 2009133 P. D , P. H , O. L C. N , S L : , IMF,S 2011.134 G S L , A , , M FED, O 2012.
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D (TD) 60% , TD
75% 125% . 135 T MOFED .
92. S
2009 MMA: 50%, 15%; 15%; 10% 10%.
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93. R IMF G SL
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, IMF
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. 137
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, P C M 15%
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, IMF, F 2012.
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96. I , 138 . F , LM 50% . 139 A LM (C ),
. 140 H , LM
, S D O (SDO), MP , MMMR, P C , , , . T ,
, LM , L , S L P SDO P
L . W , ,
( ) CSR. T
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.97. R , LM
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MMA. L , , . A ,
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98. R . T G SL
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99. T S L , ,
138 A ESR P , CLC .
139 AML .140 LM US$150,000 2012.141 L M , C , N 2012.142 G , , .
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. I , G SL , . I
, G SL . A S L ,
, .T C 5.
3.6
3.6.1 D E L
100. P SL
, . . EPA, MMA, NMA, MCAS . A
S L . 143 I , ( C )
. S . 144 B 2008, 150
, 82% ' , 100 . T 50%
. 145
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.
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H C . 147 T ,
23 . W ,
. A 2012,
. H . 148
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147 . . , P TV A , 16 J 2012.148 . . W A , J 24 2012.149 T , .
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, M A S E U (MASEU). T M L MASEU
. T U M W U (UMU),
S L .T . H , N
P T U C S L B G SL UMU ( APC)
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106. I , . F ,
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P , 1 A 2012.151 NACE, T L M : , M 2012; NACE, NACE P , P A M , A 2010.
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, . B
.
109. E
. I , , E . T , P K
P D 2012. H , P S L . 152
110. O , . S (C 5),
(C 4).
152 C F , , F C C .
, . C , L C
C . S . . . .
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4.
C , L .
4.1
111. T E (P C ) M FED S L . T
, S H (O P ). I ,
MMMR . W MMMR
, M NMA,
C M P . T SPU (CMP) EPA .
112. T S H ,PIU G SL DP S L
( S 2.1.4). T ,
. 153 H , S H
( . . M , MP , ). M D M
( . . ) . M C M , ,
. S C M P ESR. T MDA E
(S F 1).
113. P . H ( S 3.6),
. F
, DP NRA. T NRA
, SL , , . T NRA
MDA .
153 C. G , T D C S R S L , , W B , M 2013.
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114. S L EITI . D
( C S O P ), SLEITI S S L EITI . W
EITI
, EITI . I EITI G SL ,
EITI .
115. T EPA . T
.154 I . I , E C EPA
P , . A ,
.
116. T NMA MMMR MAB ( S 3.1.2). A
NMA . T D G .
A , D D G , NMA A 2012,
APC. T NMA . Y
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M ) CDA )
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154 GIZ, R S L : .155 H D M S 2.3.1.
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. 156 C , ,
, . T G SL, , .
119.
N E , P / (S F 1). T
P , . T B (
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156 S F , , D S L , .
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F 1: E
State Actors Non-State Actors
State House Line Ministries Private Sector
Civil Society
C ivil Society
Local Government
Key
Influence over\capacity to implement\policyStrong RelationshipUnderdeveloped RelationshipConflicted Relationship
E
P
SPU (T F M L
A )
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M M
M
R
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4.2
120. C , , .
T
. T ,
, , , . 158 E ,
.
121. T . W
, . P
, , . T
, , . I .
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. SDO . T , ,
. 159
123. I ,
. T ,, E , ,
.
158 S F S , R .159 S F , , D S L .
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4.3
124. O , D (DP ) ,
EPA NMA MMA 2009.
DP , . A DP
G SL ( . . DP ) . S . DP S L
, , S L . I , ! S DP . DP (
)
G . T DP , ( ).
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. H ,
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, . H , S L , ,
. 160 W DP ,
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.
160 A D O 2010. G C W P . S F , . D .
161 A 2002 S L ?
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4.4
127. M G SL. F , G SL
, S L
. I , (
) . N
, ( , , )
, .
128. H , S L ( S2.2.1) , . .
. S L
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. 162 T , , ,
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O , S L . C , S L
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C S O (CSO ) S L . T
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162 I 6 9 .
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). S ( . . NACE NMJD G SL MLA
CDA ), G SL
.
131.
M CSO NGO S L . W , ( ),
. O ,
. 163
132. M S L CSO/NGO , ,
, . 164 P S L NGO/CSO
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). T .
133. O , NGO S L , , , ,
. T , G SL ,
( . . CSO NGO )
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, .W ( . .
) ( . . CLC ESR C L C N L
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.
134. S L . N ,
163 S , , L L M , A , F , 27 M 2010.164 T NGO
,
165 T S L . S , , H E , : A , B , 2006.
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P C . T , ,
. T P C PC . T
, ,
, .167
M , M .
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, , .T
. T ,
.
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L , , F , 11 M 2013.
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5.
.
5.1
139. W ( , ), S L
. R
, .C (A M T L M M ). T
GDP 2012/2013
2013 2017.168
140. I ( , , , , .)
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, (G , L ,G ). T ,
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. S L
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141. A ( C 4) D P .
DP , , ,
. DP , , , , ,
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142. G S L : ,
, . T G SL
168 R GDP 2012 15% 2012 6% 2011, GDP 6.3%. P GDP 2013 25% (
8.3%), 2014 14.15 (7.9%) 2015 12 .1% (7.0%). S W B , D PAD S G GC , M 2013.
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, ,
( ). T S
L . A ,
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143. I ,
. F , , ( ) ,
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S L . T ,
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TABLE 1 Potential Drivers of Conflict from Extractives in SierraLeone. 170
D E C
L , => ,
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. C ,
. M ( )
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171 S L .
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148. T , G SL
. W , . T
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), D D , , . 172
149. T WB SL ,
, 2012 CA S P R . 173 I CASPR WB, G ,
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, . . , , , . T .
172 I , D . T ( ) ' ( ), ' ,
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2 A E E B
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.
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F
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151. W , . T :
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3 A A C .
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. F ( ) : , (
) , ( ) /
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.
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157. B G I R C B , DP . R , DP
.
5.4.1 M M M .
158. T , ,
. W NMA, MMR
. A , , G 177 (MFR 178) M ,
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162. A , MMMR,
MMA 2009. A , 2009,
A , . T
.
5.4.2 C E C M
163. T , C M P(CMP) S L . T G
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NRC . T
, , .
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166.
T NMA182
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169. DP NMA EITAP, , / .I , WB ( . . PREM,LEJR)
.
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, S L , EIA . W , EPA
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. T PIU PMU . T P&PP
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L .
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