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1 A student carried out an experiment to investigate the combustion of candle incontainers of different sizes as shown in Figure 3.1.
(a) State the variables involved in this experiment.
Manipulatedvariable:
Respondingvariable:
Controlledvariable:
Container X
Beginnin
gEnd
Container Y
Beginnin
gEnd
Container Z
Beginnin
gEnd
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(b) Based on Figure 3.1, record the time taken for the candle to burn in
different containers.
Container Time taken for candle to burn (s)XYZ
(c) Based on the table in (b), draw a bar chart to show the time taken for thecandle to burn in different containers.
(d) Based on the bar chart in (c), what can be said about the time taken for thecandles to burn?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(e) State one inference from the experiment.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
10
20
30
2
40
Timetakenforcandle
toburn
(s)
Container
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FIGURE 8.1
(f) State the relationship between the size of the container and the time takenfor
the candle to burn.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(g) A student drilled some holes on a container as shown in Figure 3.2. Inwhich container will the candle burn the longest? Circle the correct answer.
P Q R
3 A student carried out an experiment to study the relationship between
resistance and current. The below figure shows the arrangement of
apparatus for the experiment.
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1 2
5 10
FIGURE 8.2
The procedure of the experiment are as follows:
Step 1: The circuit is set up using a 1 resistor.
Step 2: The switch is closed and the brightness of the bulb is observed. The
ammeter reading is recorded.
Step 3: Step 2 is repeated with a 2 , 5 and 10 resistor respectively. (a) State the variables in the experiment.
Manipulated variable: .
Responding variable: .
Fixed variable: .
(b) Figure 8.2 shows the reading of the ammeter when different resistors areconnected to the circuit.
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Resistance
( )
0
Current(A)
0.
30.
2
0.1
0.
4
0.
7
0.
6
0.5
0.
8
1.
0
0.9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CompleteTable 8.3 by recording the readings of the ammeter as shown inFigure 8.2.
Resistor ( ) 1 2 5 10
Reading of ammeter (A)
(c) State the relationship between resistance and the current flowingthrough the circuit.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________(d) Using Table 8.3, draw a line graph of current against resistance.
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(e) What can be said about current and resistance?
____________________________________________________________________________________
(f) Based on the graph in (e), predict the ammeter reading when the
resistance is 8 .
___________________________________________________________________________________
(g) State the relationship between resistance and the brightness of the bulb.
_____________________________________________________________________________
______
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. A student carried out an experiment to study the effect ofsurface area on the
evaporation of water. Three
equally damp filter paper, P, Q and R are left to dry under the same condition as
shown in Figure 4.1. P is left
unfolded, Q is folded into halves and R is folded into quarters. The time taken forthe filter paper to dry is
shown in the table below
Filter Paper Time taken for filter paper to dry (s)P 200
P Q R
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Q 320R 450
a. State the variables in this experiment.
Manipulated variable: ..
Responding variable:..
Controlled variable:..
b. State the hypothesis for the experiment.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c. Using the table draw a bar chart to show the time taken for filter paper P, Q
and R to dry.
40
0
10
0
20
0
300
2
Timetakenforfilterpaperto
dry(s)
50
0
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X Y Z
(d) Based on the bar chart in (c), what can be said about the time taken for the
filter papers to dry?
__________________________________________________________________________________
____
_____________________________________________________________________________________
(e) State one inference from the experiment.________________________________________________________________________________
______
________________________________________________________________________________
______
(f) State the relationship between the surface area of the filter paper and the
time taken for the filter paper to dry.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(g) 50 m of water is poured into each of the three different containers, X Y and Z as shown in Figure 4.3. The three containers are left under the sun.
(h) (i) In which container will the water evaporate the fastest?
_____________________________
____________________________________________________________
Filter paper
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(ii) Explain your answer in (g)(i).
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______
5. A student carried out an experiment to study the effect of volume of liquid on the
amount of heat as shown in the
figure
F G H
The thermometer reading on the twentieth minutes in :
Conical flask F
Conical flask G
(a) State the variables in the experiment.
Manipulated variableResponding variableControlled variable
(b) State one inference from the experiment
..,
Thermomet Thermomet Thermomet
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(b) Based on the figure record the reading of each thermometer on the 20th
minutes in conical flask F and G in the table below
`
Temperature
(oC)
Conical Time (min)
flask 0 10 20 30
F 98 88 68G 98 82 56H 98 78 60 40
(d) Based on the Table 8.2 plot a temperature versus time graph to show the effect ofvolume of liquid on the amount of heat of the liquid. for conical flask F andG.
(e) Based on the line graph chart in (c) , what can be said about the effect of volume of
liquid on the amount of
heat of the liquid.
(f) Based on the graph predict the temperature of liquid in conical G on the 25th
minutes.
Conical flask G : ......................
Temperature(oC)
Time (min)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
100
01 2 3 4
Cornical flask
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(g) State the relationship between the of volume of liquid on the amount of heat ofthe liquid.
..
.,.(h) Based on Table 8.2 and the graph in (c), what is considered as the operational
definition for the amount ofheat ?
.
.
6. The diagram below shows two cars with different colour are driven on hot day.
i)Based on your observation in the diagram, state the difference of hotness in car A
and B.
.
ii) What inference can be made based on Car A and Car B
.
.
..
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iii) State one hypothesis based on your observations in Diagram 8.1.
.,.,.,
.
.
b) A student carried out an experiment to investigate the situation in Diagram
8.1.Diagram 8.2 shows an experiment to determine the colour of surface which affect
the absorption of heat. After 15 minutes,the reading of thermometers are observed and
recorded.
Diagram 8.2
Thermometer A Thermometer B
(i) Record the thermometer readings in the table below
Surface Temperature oCBlack paint
Aluminium paint
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c) Based on the readings in the table draw a bar chart to show the reading of
thermometer with the different
colour of surface.
temperature/oC
suhu
Black Aluminium Colour of
surface
d) State the variable involved in this experiment.
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
Constant variable
e) Why is it advisable to wear a white colour clothes on a hot day?
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f) Based on Diagram 8.2, state the operational definition of absorption of heat.
..
1. (a)
Manipulated variable: Containers of different sizes
Volume of air in the container
Responding variable:
Combustion of candle
Time taken for candle to extinguish
Time taken for candle flame to go off.
Length of time a candle burns
Fixed variable: Type and size of candle(s)
Type of candle
(b)
Container Time taken for candle to burn (s)
X 15.0 s
Y 28.0s
Z 40.0s
(c)
10
20
30
2
40
Timetakenfor
candletoburn(s)
Container
X Y Z
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(d) Candle can burn longer in container Z which contains more air. A candle burns longer in a larger container. Time taken for candle to burn depend on/affected by the size of the
container.(e)
Bigger container contains more air that allows longer burning period Candle takes a longer time to extinguish in bigger container compares to
smaller container. Candle extinguishes faster in smaller container in relation to bigger
container. A candle will burn longer in a larger container because there is more
oxygen.(f)
As the size of the container increases, the time taken for the candle to burnalso increases
(g)
P Q R
2(a)
Manipulated variable:The value of resistance
Responding variable:The value of electric current
Ammeter reading
Fixed variable:Number of dry cells/ type of resistor
(b)
Resistor () 1 2 5 10
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0.3
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.8
1.0
0.9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x
x
x
x
Reading of ammeter (A) 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3
(c) As the resistance increases, the current flowing through the circuit decreases.
The higher the resistance, the lower the current flowing through the circuit. The lower the resistance, the higher the current flowing through the circuit.
(d )
(e) The amount of current depends on the value of resistance.
(f) 0.38 A
(g) As the resistance increases, the brightness of the bulb decreases
The higher the resistance the dimmer the bulb.
The brightness of the bulb decreases when the resistance increases
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4(a)
Manipulated variable:Surface area of filter paper
Size of filter paper
Responding variable:
Rate of evaporation
Time taken for evaporation of filter paper to take place
Rate of water evaporation
Controlled variable:
The surrounding temperature
The environmental condition/ temperature
Air movementHumidity
(b) The larger the surface area, the faster is the rate of evaporation of water.
The smaller the surface area, the slower is the rate of evaporation of water.(c )
40
0
10
0
20
0
300
2
Timeta
kenforfilterpapertodry(s)
Filter
a er
50
0
P Q R
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(d)
Filter paper R takes longer time to dry compares to P and Q. Filter paper P dries faster than filter papers Q and R. The filter paper with the largest surface area dries up the fastest.
(e)
The rate of evaporation of water will increase if the exposed surface area offilter paper increases.
The rate of water evaporation depends on the size of the surface area.(f)
As the surface area of the filter paper increases, the rate for the filter paper todry also increases
Filter paper with larger surface area takes shorter time to dry. Filter paper with smaller surface area takes longer time to dry. The larger the surface area of the filter paper, the faster is the time taken for
the filter paper to dry.(g) (i) Container Y / Y
(ii) Larger exposed surface area of water evaporates faster.
Rate of evaporation increases when the surface area of water exposedincreases.
Because Y has the largest surface area.
5 a Manipulated variable : Volume of waterResponding : water temperature
Controlled : size/type of conical flasks/type of
thermometer / time taken o conduct the temperature
1 mark
1 mark
1 mark
b Water temperature of the smaller/lesser volume decreasing
faster / Volume of water causes the final temperature of
water
1 mark
C
d
F : 78 C C (77 79)
G : 70 C C (69 71)
all point correct
smooth straight line
1 mark
1 mark
1 mark
1 mark
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e Conical flasks F (high volume of water ) contain more heat /
higher temperature / conical flask H more faster water
temperature decreasing o / on the other way round
1 mark
f 63 0 C (62 0 C- 64 0 C) 1 mark
g The greater the volume of liquid , the greater the amount ofheat stored.
1 mark
h The reading of temperature 1 mark
6
8 a i)Car painted black/B give a hotter feeling compare carpainted white/A.
ii)Colour of car influence the hotness inside the car.
iii)Black surface absorbs heat better than white surface
1 mark
1 mark
1 mark
b 75oC
55oC
1 mark
1 mark
c Scale correct
Bar chart -correct
1 mark
1 mark
d Manipulated variable = colour of surface 1 mark
Conical flasks
Conical flasks
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Responding variable = Reading of thermometer
Controlled variable = distance of heat source to each surface
1 mark
1 mark
e Besause white colour is a poor absorber of heat 1 mark
f The increasing of temperature. 1 mark
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